Mesopotamia Accounting records have been found in the ancient valleys of ancient Mesopotamian civilization estimated at about 7,000 years old. Documents found in the area have shown the list of expenditure on goods received and traded in the area. Accounting developments involving silver and numerical currency systems have been used in the trading of local businesses including trade. The development of accounting in the days of Mesopotamian civilization is closely linked to the development of writing systems, calculating systems, currency systems and the banking system. There is evidence that the main step in the development of transition from concrete to abstract calculations is related to the early development of the accounting and currency …show more content…
One of the ancient Egyptian economic developments is that ancient Egyptians specialize in practicing accounting and bookkeeping elements during trade and commerce activities. The Phoenicians created phonetic alphabets aimed at preserving business, and there is evidence that individuals in ancient Egypt hold the title of the author. There is also evidence for early accounting in the Old Testament; for example, the Exodus Book describes Moses involving Ithamar to describe the material donated to the construction of the sacred tent. The ancient Egyptians also had a receipt statement in their trading affairs. By the 4th century BC, ancient Egyptians had an auditing system to check in and out of warehouse movements including audit reports written by people known as …show more content…
1. Luca Pacioli (1445 - 1517) Logical system logic system (record system) may have been realized in Italy before 1495, when Luca Pacioli, also known as Friar Luca dal Borgo published accounting methods in Venice. Luca Pacioli is known as the father of accounting because of the publishing of his mathematical book entitled Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria and Proportion or Proportionalita. Some of these scripts bear the description of multiple entry systems used in accounting records to date. In the 18th century, cost accounting was introduced to satisfy the rapidly expanding firms' production process. 2. John Gouge The oldest known English accounting book of books was printed in London by John Gouge @ Gough in 1543. The script is known as A Profitable Treaties called the Instrument or Book to learn to experience the good order of the keeping of the famous reckonings, called in Latin, Dare and Habere, and, in English, Debtor and Creditor (A profitable book or book to ascertain about the well-established system of known parties, IE debtors and
Ancient Civilizations Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India are some of the early civilizations, that helped to shape the world as we know it. Each ancient civilization had many contributions to society. Some would include irrigation, grid like house system, and written languages. Ancient Egypt is one of the most common ancient civilizations. We all know them for the pyramid but that 's not all that they achieved.
In Ancient Mesopotamia the people formed the government, technology, and religion that has exceedingly influenced our daily life. The Sumerians developed the first human civilization in world history. They lived in southern Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East. The Sumerians created governments that helped rule the city-states, the technology that made numerous contribution to their civilization, and religion that they worshiped. People in Mesopotamia learned to build several kinds of inventions that assisted them.
God used the Babylonian empire, under the leadership of King Nebuchadnezzar, to conquer Judah, and lead the Jewish people captive to Babylon during three deportations, 605 B.C., 597 B.C., and 586 B.C. God determined that the Jewish people would remain in captivity for 70 years (cf. Jer. 25:11; 29:10) for failure to adhere to the mandated land Sabbaths that occurred over 490 years (2 Chron. 36:21). When the 70 years were completed, God began His sovereign plan to bring His people back to the Promised Land and commence building the second temple (2 Chron. 36:22-23; Jer. 29:10; Ezra 1).
Ancient Mesopotamia was a civilization from 4,000 B.C., which was almost 6,000 years ago! A civilization is a large group of non-nomadic people with its language and set of rules, usually advanced for its time. Ancient Mesopotamia, located in the Fertile Crescent (Modern day Iran/Turkey), has been debated for years, with people asking, “should Ancient Mesopotamia be considered the first civilization?” Well, Mesopotamia should be considered the first civilization because of its social structure, politics, and achievements. Ancient Mesopotamia had an advanced social structure for its time.
Many empires rose and had fallen all through history all over the world; however, there is only one resemblance why empires succeed and get destroyed. In the Middle East, lies Mesopotamia, which formed in 3200-2350 BCE. South of the Mesopotamia is Ancient Greece and in Africa there is Aksum; Ancient Greece had a Golden Age in 750-338 BCE and Aksum thrived in 100-750 CE. Those empires as well as others rose and fell for many reasons, but the biggest reasons are the geography, proving that geography can change an empire in an instant. The Mesopotamia was constantly in danger because of their rivers; citizens never knew when the river stroke.
Thesis Statement: Mesopotamians and Hebrews are depicted as very different when it comes to religious beliefs, but actually seem to have many similarities in many ways and has led to many of their laws and social stratification correlating. Topic Sentence 1: Since the ancient Hebrews were Monotheistic and the Mesopotamians were Polytheistic, they are naturally assumed to be completely unlike each other; that is simply not the case with these specific civilizations. Topic Sentence 2: The Gods or God in both the Polytheistic and Monotheistic religions have similar traits, but the beliefs of the civilians in both cultures can be viewed as different.
Ancient civilizations began in areas that had arable land and other features such as rivers. Civilizations succeeded in these environments because they could settle down and not live a nomadic lifestyle. Because the land was arable, agriculture prospered and people relied on the geography to grant them the elements needed for survival. In China and Egypt, geography greatly influenced and affected the lives of the people living there because of the prosperous rivers and large natural barriers.
Despite a steady trading relationship, Mesopotamian and Egyptian societies have very dissimilar views on life and the afterlife. Indeed, Mesopotamian civilization certainly had much stricter views of life and the afterlife. This is likely a reflection of the frequent nature of wars and violence in this highly urbanized society (83). As a result, their views of the fragility of their mortality seemed to be pessimistically realistic. They seemed to accept that their gods gave them this life and nothing else.
Edmonds, T. P., Tsay, B., & Olds, P. R. (2011). Fundamental managerial accounting concepts (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Geography not only plays a part in the spread of a religion but also can be inspiration or reflection for the religion itself. Many societies have numerous deities inspired by the landscape in and around their civilization. However, I believe not all religions drew inspiration from the land they lived in. Mesopotamian societies had multiple gods. Most deities represented cosmic forces of nature such as the sun, moon, water, and storms who were responsible for the creation of the earth (World Societies p. 36).
Although the Mesopotamians and Egyptians of 3500 to 1500 B.C.E. were similar due to social hierarchy and power roles, nevertheless, the differences between Mesopotamians and Egyptians are evident with politics. This is because of the way Egyptians saw opposing countries as enemies and how Mesopotamians saw other countries as trading partners. The Mesopotamians viewed their priests as extremely powerful people, believing that priests were connected spiritually to the gods and worked hard to appease the gods. The priests would use this to their advantage. For example, selling amulets to citizens to ‘ward off evil spirits’ was just a business move for the priests to make more money and keep their power.
The Babylonian Empire was one of the most powerful states in the entire ancient world. Its success lied within the government structure and agriculture. Babylonia was always a great center of culture and trade, where cultural diffusion occurred. Due to the prosperity of the empire, it attracted merchants and traders from afar to share their ideas and products. The Babylonian Empire’s government structure and the policies that the rulers put forth affected the culture, economy, and lifestyle of its people.
But the construction of these architectural landmarks was not easy to make, there was a prerequisite of some form of advanced math and geometry. But they used math for other things as well such as, numbers to keep track of business transactions. The Ancient Egyptians were the first
Introduction Keeping record of activities and expenditures is crucial in personal finance planning and could really help in managing personal finances. This paper identify what is accounting and how does it help to manage personal finance, describes products of accounting and bookkeeping procedures that are useful in personal financial planning and how personal financial software could assist in personal financial decisions. What is accounting and how does it help you manage your personal finances?
It is this that justifies accounting history as a crucially important academic discipline. “History, in itself is instinctive and indigenous to all of us” (Carnegie. et al, 2011), whether individuals know it or not, everyone’s decision making process is strongly based on past experiences, and the past is the key source resorted to whenever a decision is needed to be made. The same is applicable to accounting, the decisions made today in all practices and approaches are drawn from the historical developments in the accounting process, that have led the practice