Acetaminophen Synthesis Lab Report

Pour this mixture, while stirring, into a beaker containing 25 mL of ice water to which 5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid have been added. The diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid should soon separate as a finely divided white precipitate. Keep this suspension cooled in an ice bath until it is to be used. 2. Methyl Orange 1.

Briefly, 1 ml of suspension medium was taken from the 10% tissue homogenate. 0.5 ml of 30% Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added to it, followed by 0.5 ml of 0.8% thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reagent. The tubes were covered with aluminium foil and kept in shaking water bath for 30 minutes at 80°C. After 30 minutes, tubes were taken out and kept in ice-cold water for 30 minutes. These were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes.

During this step, I observed that there were bubbles in the solution, especially at the bottom of the beaker. After adding the HLC, there solution had a slight yellow tint. Next, I mixed 0.529g of sodium acetate in 3mL of water and added 0.679g of acetic anhydride to the aniline solution and immediately added sodium acetate. The solution was cooled in an ice bath for fifteen minutes. During this time, I noticed the formation

It has been noticed that it has a specific medical treatment in such a way it will treat that type of infection or dieses. Chelation therapy is normally used to treat metal poisoning. These metal poisoning include lead, acute mercury, iron, arsenic, uranium, plutonium and other forms of poisoning metal. Depending on the type of the poison and the type of agent, biological chelation therapy agents will be administered or injected either intramuscularly or intravenously.

The sample was transferred to a 250 ml conical flask kept in water bath for alkali treatment. 75 ml of 17.5% caustic soda was measured using a measuring cylinder at 20°C. 15 ml of 17.5% NaOH was added and fibres were macerated gently with a flattened glass rod for 1 minute. 10 ml more NaOH was added and the solution was mixed for 45 seconds. 10 ml NaOH was again added and mixed for 15 seconds to make lump free slurry.

Assignment 3: Synthesis and Characterisation of L-glutamic acid: Procedure: 1) Approximately 4.40g of L-glutamic acid was added to 0.1L of water. The solute was dissolved completely using a sonic bath. The solution was placed in a thermostatic bath at 80°C and left for 30minutes. 2) After this period of time, the solution was removed and equally distributed into three boiling tubes labelled A,B&C. 3)

Upon finding the actual concentrations of salicylic acid, concentration of aspirin in the flask at various times can be found using the equation [aspirin]t = [aspirin]0 – [salicylic acid], since at constant volume, number of moles of initial aspirin decrease to form salicylic acid. Initial concentration of aspirin formed as follows: [aspirin]0 = 0.212g / (180.157gmol-1 * 50/1000 L) = 0.0235 mol L-1.

The same aliquot of the lysed whole blood that is transferred from the first cuvette to the second cuvette for the Hb measurement is also used for the measurement of HbA1c. The second cuvette contains an anti-HbA1c antibody in a buffered reagent. Hemoglobin A1C in the sample reacts with anti-HbA1c antibody to form a soluble antigen-antibody complex. A polyhapten reagent containing multiple HbA1c epitopes is then added to this cuvette.

4.2 PREFORMULATION STUDIES PREFORMULATION STUDIES Preformulation testing is an investigation of physical and chemical properties of a drug substance alone and when combined with excipients. It is the first step in the rational development of dosage forms. Preformulation commences when a newly synthesized drug shows sufficient pharmacologic promise in animal models to warrant evaluation in man.

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) form the basis for translating research data into clinical practice and are the trademark of evidence-based practice. Random controlled trials are the standard of a scientific test for new medical interventions. RCT’s have predefined study samples built out of the target population and randomly assigned to different groups (placebo vs. new treatment). The observed effects of investigational treatments at defined time points constitute predefined endpoints. Pharmaceutical companies must meet this standard when working out levels of efficacy and safety that can be achieved by an experimental drug.

5. 150 ml of the solution in beaker A was added to the separating funnel with 10ml of chloroform. The funnel was gently shaken and vented to release the pressure. This was done five times. 6.

50 μL of these dilution solutions were separated on the TLC plate coated with SNISG. The plate was developed with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (4:1) and the movement of solvent was usually controlled at 1 cm from the upper edge. After completion, the plate was dried until no solvent smell remained. It was sprayed with an ethanol solution containing 10% sulfuric acid, and heated at an infra-red drier until obvious color came up, as shown in Fig.2 (B.ab). Simultaneously, the amount of silver nitrate in the impact of isolative effect was investigated with the sample procedure, as shown in Fig.2

Sodium hydroxide solution with a volume of 6.00 mL and a molarity of 3.00 M was transferred into a 50 mL beaker using a volumetric pipette. While swirling the phosphoric acid solution in the Erlenmeyer flask, the sodium hydroxide solution was added to it a few drops at a time using a disposable plastic pipette. The After all the sodium hydroxide was transferred, the flask was rinsed with 2 mL of deionized water and added to the flask with the reaction mixture and swirled for an additional minute. A clean, dry evaporating dish with a watch glass was then weighed and recorded to 0.001 g. The reaction mixture was then transferred to the evaporating dish.

Purpose This experiment is to determine the concentration of the solute copper sulfate pentahydrate, and the unknown solution, by passing different wavelengths of light through each solution. Procedure Weigh out approximately 5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate. Record the mass and place the solute into a 50 mL volumetric flask. Fill half of the flask with distilled water, add the stopper for the flask, and lightly shake the flask, until the copper sulfate pentahydrate fully dissolved.

Experimental Clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol (10.0336 g, mmol) was added to a 50 mL round bottom flask containing five boiling chips, Montmorillonite K10 clay (1.0430 g) was then added to the cyclohexanol and the mixture was swirled together. The flask was then placed in a sand bath and attached to a simple distillation apparatus. The contents of the flask were then heated at approximately 150 °C to begin refluxing the cyclohexanol. The distillation flask was then loosely covered with aluminum foil and the hood sash was lowered in order to minimize airflow. As the reaction continued, the temperature was adjusted in order to maintain a consistent rate of distillation.