The extraction efficiency was most successful with dichloroethane as diluents than any others. Stripping study was carried out with hydrochloric acid. The method was applied for the separation of Mo from minerals composed of different kinds of metals. In this experiment molybdenum was determined by drywashing it and was followed by spectrophotometrically analysis as a complex with Tiron at 390 nm. Turel and Patil (1996) [112] have established a rapid and selective method for the extraction of molybdenum with malachite green into nitrobenzene.
Commercially and valuable side products such as butanone, formic acid, propionic acid and ethyl acetate are formed as well. The acetic acid can also be obtained by substituting butane with acetaldehyde in the above reaction. 2CH_3 CHO+O_2→2CH_3 COOH The acetic acid yield percentage can exceed 95% when using modern catalyst. Distillation process is carried out to separate them. When it comes to ethylene oxidation, the ethylene will produce acetaldehyde through Wacker process and then oxidized with the oxygen present in the air to form acetic acid.
In the second half of the argininosuccinate synthetase reaction, the α-amino group of aspartate attacks the imino carbon releasing AMP and producing argininosuccinate. Third Step: The third step of the urea cycle is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase which catalyzes the reaction shown below. The products of this reaction are arginine and fumarate. The fumarate product is an important link between the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle. Fourth Step: The last reaction of the urea cycle is catalyzed by arginase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of guanidino group to produce urea and ornithine.
It is well recognized that the FFA level of oil ought to be reduced to less than 1% previous to using the alkaline catalysis [23,24]. We used two acidic catalysts; sulfuric acid as homogeneous catalyst and MWCNT-SO3H as heterogeneous catalyst were used with methanol toward esterification of WCF. Some researchers used two step pretreatment processes to reduce the high level of FFA [25,26]. Based on their work, after the first action, the reaction mixture is permitted to settle. Because of inhabitation property of water toward complete reaction, the methanol and water mixture is separated from the oil phase.
During the world war when penicillin was considered to contain the oxazole ring system at that time the chemistry of oxazole was come in concern, but the invention of oxazoles as dienes in Diels-Alder reaction and in 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of mesoionic heterocycles give idea for progress of oxazole chemistry. Oxazole contain an oxygen atom and a pyridine type nitrogen atom at the 1 and 3 positions of the ring and like pyridine, oxazole are weekly basic substances. Oxazole be considered as derived from furan by the replacement of –CH= (methane group) from the position-3 by the azomethine nitrogen (-N=) group13. Oxazole ring is numbered as
Ye at al. [27] prepared potassium sodium tartrate on alumina/silica support by a sol-gel process for transesterification of soybean oil. When the transesterification was carried out in a microwave reactor with a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 13 and a catalyst concentration of 8.0wt% at 65°C for 45 min, the highest biodiesel yield reached 96.5%. Hsiao et al. [28] found for transesterification of soybean oil over nano CaO assisted by microwave irradiation, the optimal reaction took place at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 7, amount of catalyst of 3.0 wt.% and temperature 60oC, achieving a conversion of 96.6% at 60 min.
petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and water. After solvent extraction, it was evaporated to obtain a powdered extract for various biochemical analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponin, phenol and by the standard procedures. Alkaloids: To 1 ml of extract, 2-3 drops of Wagner’s reagent were
Arsenic is normally present in the highest oxidation state therefore Max removal studies are focusing on removal of arsenic (V).CSS 5.0h-MP which increases the adsorption capacity of activated carbon even at the iron content of 1.65%,this is the other important factor besides iron content. We in this study Langmuir and Frendliuch equation which shows that max adsorption capacity of 3.4 mg/g for an activated carbon is achieved at pH of 11.0 and iron content 1%.The highest adsorption capacity was obtained with CW-MP and CF-MP because of this there corresponding isotherm of adsorption shows low arsenic (v) concentration. At pH 7 all arsenate complexes are broken as H2ASO4- and HAsO22- .Most important parameter for removal of arsenic is pH (it is contributing more than 50% of removal) followed by iron content (it is contributing around 36 % of removal. The best arsenic (V) removal obtain with bituminous iron modified activated carbon having and iron content of nearly 1% and basic surface
Mixture was then cooled to 300c rapidly and left at this temperature overnight (at 550c temperature F(ab)2 was somewhat safe than different proteins). Filtration of coagulate proteins: Filtration of the response was embraced through channel press with the chain fabric as separating help. The encourages were tossed and the filtrate was recuperated for further transforming. Second precipitation of solvent proteins: Ammonium sulfate was added to the filtrate to raise its focus to 30% (particular gravity 1.160). careful blending was attempted with constant mixing.
Briefly, 1.5 ml of DPPH solution (0.1 mM, in 95 % ethanol) was incubated with different concentrations of unirradiated and irradiated CMCS solutions. The reaction mixture was shaken well and incubated for 15 min at room temperature and the absorbance of the resulting solution was read at 517 nm against a blank (control). Ascorbic acid was used for comparison as antioxidant materials. The radical scavenging effect was measured as a decrease in the absorbance of DPPH and can be calculated using the following