Acute Pyelonephritis: Acute pyelonephritis is considered an upper urinary tract infection. Acute pyelonephritis occurs due to the bacteria moving from the bladder up to the kidneys (Colgan, Williams, & Johnson, 2011). In pyelonephritis, approximately 60% of diagnosed cases are due to E.coli (Yodla et al., 2011). Classic symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include: fever, dysuria, and pain in lower back and/or groin area (Yodla et al., 2011). In the elderly, both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms may also be present (Yodla et al., 2011). Confusion can be a symptom of an infection in the elderly. Leroy’s fever and costovertebral tenderness make acute pyelonephritis a probable diagnosis.
Acute Cystitis: Acute cystitis is caused by bacterium
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The four types of stones include: calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and phosphate (Wells et al., 2012). Kidney stones are typically more common in white men; however any individual can develop a stone (Wells et al., 2012). Patients with kidney stones will usually present with extreme pain, tachycardia, and hypertension (Wells et al., 2012). Kidney stones can be associated acute cystitis or acute pyelonephritis (Wells et al., 2012). Leroy’s pain and tachypnea could be associated with kidney stones. The slight fever could indicate that he is also suffering from either and upper or lower urinary tract infection as …show more content…
Treatment of acute pyelonephritis requires antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is used in cases when susceptibility in pyelonephritis is unknown (Colgan et al., 2011). The urine culture could take a couple of days to come back; therefore trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole would be an appropriate medication. Dosage for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is 160 mg/800 mg and the medication is taken twice daily for two weeks (Colgan et al., 2011). Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole works by inhibiting the microbial synthesis of folic acid (Church, Fitzgerald, Walker, Gibb, & Prendergast, 2015). Folic acid is an important cofactor in the production of thymide and purines (Church et al., 2015). Separately, sulfamethoxazole works to inhibit the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, whereas trimethoprim inhibits tetrahydrofolic acid production (Church et al.,
Though there are hundreds of medications available to prescribing doctors knowing which one to give in certain situations is where the mystery begins. Testing antibiotics allows providers to learn more about the bacteria they are working with as well as the individual who would be ingesting the medicine. If any antibiotic was given and no results appeared then not only was the provider wasting their time but the patient is as well and they are more than likely still sick. By conducting antibiotic testing it confirms the susceptibility or detects resistance (Oxford, 2009). There were four different antibiotics were used to determine what would be the best option for Terrance.
Discussion Post Week ten NURS 6501, N-21 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usually caused by bacteria and are common. Symptoms of both upper and lower infections are similar; therefore, it is important for advanced practice nurses (APNs) to be able to determine the pathophysiology of upper and lower UTIs. The purpose of this discussion is to evaluate the similarities and differences between upper and lower UTIs, clinical manifestations, treatments, and factors affecting all of these things. UTIs are infections that may occur anywhere in the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. Typically UTIs are caused by bacteria from the gut flora and are inflammation of the urinary epithelium.
For PYC-652 Advanced Health Assessment, my clinical site will be the Richard A. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center. This site is located in Indianapolis, Indiana. I will be working with a nurse practitioner who works in one of the primary care clinics located at the hospital. According to my preceptor, the four most common diagnoses she encounters is type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic kidney disease.
A little bit later the Dr. that they called in said that he has a theory that it could be yellow fever it’s a disease that could kill you. They don’t know if it’s that or not so they are not going to tell anyone till they know what it is because they don’t want to put panice to the city if it’s
However, this is not the agent that is used to treat reactive arthritis that is caused by this bacteria. C: Metronidazole D: Naprosyn • This is the correct answer because an NSAID is the first line treatment of Reactive arthritis. In this case we are treating the reactive arthritis and not the infection that is likely etiology. E:
Three differential diagnoses for scrotal pain Scrotal pain is also referred to as testicle pain or testicular pain and it occurs when pain is felt in or around one or both testicles. Epididymitis: Inflammation of the Epididymis Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle in which sperm matures and is stored (Uphold & Graham, 2013). When the pain occurs as an acute condition, the symptoms can last up to six weeks (Uphold & Graham, 2013). This condition is mostly the cause of acute testicular pain in post-pubertal pain and usually occurs in those that have a history of sexual activity. Approximately half of those who suffer from this condition develop fevers; however, nausea and vomiting are not common (Uphold & Graham, 2013).
Patient denies, fever, chill, vomiting, SOB, dysuria, frequency, or urgency. Due to symptom her PCM recommmend that she walk in during the hours of 11 yo 1130. Patient agreed and verbalized understaning to the POC.
Management of Care Case Study Josepha is working on a medical surgical unit with three other RNs and one LPN. There is also a male and a female patient care tech. Josepha has been a nurse for four months, and after completing two months of orientation she takes a full assignment as a registered nurse. Josepha feels that the assignments she receives are not always fair, as she tends to get the most challenging clients.
He stays in the hospital over a liver condition that fails to be jaundice, but his fever
Sporadically, this can become serious and progress into pneumonia. A bacterial infection can be treated by a round of antibiotics but can occasionally become life-threatening, particularly in the frail and elderly. However, because some bacterial infections can produce signs and symptoms similar to influenza, bacterial infections should be considered and appropriately treated, if suspected.
Review of Symptoms General: denies fever, night sweats, significant weight gain or loss, exercise intolerance, depression, sleep disturbances, or fatigue HEENT: denies dry eyes, irritation, vision changes, difficulty hearing, ear pain, sore throat, runny nose, or sinus pressure Neck: denies swollen glands or stiff neck Pulmonary: denies cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath Cardiovascular: denies chest pain or palpitations Gastrointestinal: denies abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, acid reflux, or melena Genitourinary: reports dysuria and vaginal itching, denies incontinence, hematuria, increased frequency, abnormal bleeding, or vaginal odor Musculoskeletal: denies muscle aches, weakness, joint pain, back pain, or edema Integumentary: denies any rashes, lesions, or change in hair Neurological: denies numbness, headache, seizures, tingling or sensation changes Endocrine: denies bruising, excessive sweating, thirst, hunger, heat or cold intolerance Objective Data Physical Exam Vitals: blood pressure - 130/77, heart rate - 97, respiratory rate - 17, temperature – 97.9 , oxygen saturation –97% on room air, weight – 183 pounds, height – 5 feet 4 inches, body mass index –
He had coughing fits (54) that were quite normal at first
This case study is based on the scenario of a man who is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection after being catheterised, due to urinary retention post hip replacement surgery. The study will examine the normal and pathological state of the body system as well as the microbiology that is involved. It will also be investigated how to prevent the spread of the infection, what medication should be introduced and how it will work. Additionally, predisposing factors for obtaining the infection will be explored.
He said that it began with a mild headache. On the day after, a malcupapular rash covered his neck, his trunk, his upper arms and face, and it spread to his soles and palms. Malaise, transient fever and back pain also developed. By the evening of the second day of the illness, he was not febrile, he felt better and also the rashes are fading. The next day after that, he felt well anf he only had therash, which also disappeared over the next two days.
Even with being observant and watching for the obvious signs and symptoms of a UTI, it is important we also are aware that UTIs can be symptomatic or asymptomatic (Hälleberg Nyman, Johansson, Persson & Gustafsson, 2011). Signs and symptoms of a UTI can include frequent pain and/or burning during urination, polyuria, increased urgency, nocturia, hematuria, incontinence, and suprapubic, back, or pelvic pain (Paul, Day & Williams, 2016). UTIs need to be treated promptly to prevent renal damage, and/or potential septic shock. We also need to be aware of the different risk factors that