Critically discuss whether mass tourism and sustainable tourism are compatible forms of tourism
Tourism industry development
According to the UNWTO Publications of 2017 edition, tourism industry has been grow continuously over the past six decades. The tourism industry has boost up the worldwide economic segments. In despite of the threats to tourism industry, international tourist arrivals have increased from 25 million globally in 1950 to 278 million in 1980, 674 million in 2000, and 1,235 million in 2016. The statistics show that the international tourism receipts earned by destinations worldwide are US$ 1,220 billion in year 2016 which is about 2.5 times of earnings in year 2000. (UNWTO, 2017)
There are two forms of tourism which include
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Mass tourism can generate a lot of income for local areas. Hong Kong, Singapore, London, Bangkok, Paris, Macau, New York and Istanbul are some of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. These can be described as mass tourism destinations. (Hasan, 2016)
There are various advantages of mass tourism and most of them are driven by economics dimension. It creates job opportunities in a lot of areas such as hotels, food, recreations and other service related industries. Transportation and other facilities are improved to accommodate the tourists and this has benefited the local to enjoy these infrastructure. There are new ideas and cultural exchange as the tourist has brought in new values and cultures to the local
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Anna Pollack suggested that it is essential to move mass tourism to alternative tourism to adapt current form of tourism. The writer claimed that the cheap travel is now not a privilege. Mass tourism has caused the local cost of living upsurge concerning the large group of tourists. The mass tourism has raised issues of environment pollution and natural resources scarcity. (Pollock, 2013)
Mass tourism has low environmental dimension with high social and economic dimension whereas alternative tourism has high environmental and social dimension with low economic dimension. However, sustainable tourism has a fundamental objective: tourism as a whole must be sustainable. Mass tourism, properly organized and controlled, can and must become sustainable. By combining the characterisations in both mass and sustainable tourism, it can be identified that their traits are benefit on environmental, socio-culture and economic sectors by involving the locals in project development. (Sopheap Theng,
This would often affect the locals whose incomes do not increase like the prices of the goods and services. The cost of building tourism related buildings would also increase proportionally. All these will eventually causing difficulties to meet the daily needs for the locals. Socio-cultural Advantages and Disadvantages Impact of tourism is that the quality of life of the local residents will be able to improve due to the development of tourism. They are able to wind down after a day of hard work by enjoying at the stay in the cabins of the tree house along with the high quality food and drinks by the bay.
This improves economic development in many industries such as tourism and entertainment. Next, the tours that held in many countries improves the communication between countries, so that there was more economic exchange among
Tourism has become one of the important economic factor for any nation today. With the increase in technology, the world is gradually changing and becoming closer and smaller day by day. The country known for its advanced technology, Japan is popular in terms of travel, commerce, technology, cuisine, popular culture and shopping. Globalization has played a vital role in interchanging activities such as goods, services, technology, culture, and even the lifestyle of people around the world. Japan’s tourism has grown rapidly in the recent years.
The effect of tourism on under developed nations, which was always debatable, has now become more controversial. The substantial influence of tourism has sparked the controversy over the potential impact of this on impoverished nations in recent years. As such, with its advantages come correlative disadvantages too some of which are equally as severe as the upsides. In this essay, I will delineate them all with pertinent arguments and examples before deducing a quintessential conclusion. At the outset, there are numerous reasons that affirm how rising tourism can be beneficial for under developed nations; but the most conspicuous one lies in the fact that tourism brings several economic benefit for the host nation, as it inevitably facilitates
IDENTIFY AND RESEARCH A TOURISM ATTRACTION Introduction Tourism has experienced continued growth and extensive diversification and competition on the last decades, becoming one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world and by consequence, one of the main income sources for many developing countries. “Every time we travel we are part of a global movement that has the power to drive inclusive development, to create jobs and to build the sustainable societies we want for our future,” says the actual UNWTO¹ Secretary General, Taleb Rifai. “This movement also contributes to build mutual understanding and to safeguard our shared natural and cultural heritage,” he completes. A sustainable and responsible approach to tourism means that neither the natural environment nor the socio-cultural organisation of the host communities would be compromised by the arrival of tourists.
Other positive effects of international tourism in the territories are: the creation of new formal and informal workplaces; the contribution to decrease rural-urban migration; the improvement of the monetary incomes for local families; the increase of accessibility to low-skilled jobs for low-income natives; the exchange of cultures, ideas and lifestyles; the local and international promotion of the local identity and culture; the improvement of local resilience against economic crises or natural disasters (Schulte, 2003) (UN-WTO,
“Tourism Behaviour understanding includes the idea and knowledge of the different factors which are by no other means very obvious because the effects which do shape the activities and tastes of tourism are often highly embedded in the cultural and the personal biography of the individual that the whole of subject is not known of how actually they were made.” (Seaton, 1996). Figure.1. The tourism system.
At the world conference held in Manila on tourism in 1980, importance of tourism and its effects were recognized in the declaration, which stated as; ‘’tourism is an essential activity both on the life of the nation since its direct and indirect effects on economical, social, cultural, and educational sectors of the society and their international relations’’. Economic benefits of tourism 1. Contribution to Gross Domestic Product; Tourism is being one of the world’s largest industries and contributes directly and indirectly (total contribution) to the global economy. Its contribution to GDP growth reflects the total spending within a particular country by residents or neon residents for business or leisure purposes as well as government spending on tourism goods and services which linked to visitors. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council
Of course, the impacts of tourism on the country as well as the people in that country can be positive or negative. Those impacts can either last a long time for example the environmental can be negatively affected, or it can also be a short-term affect for example the economy of that country can be improved by a lot, but it wouldn’t always be positive for a long time. Tourism can also cause problems, such as social dislocation, loss of cultural heritage, economic dependence and ecological degradation. Sustainable tourism is becoming so popular that some say that what we presently call ‘alternative’ will
“Tourism is now the largest industry in the world by virtually an economic measure, including gross output, value added, employment, capital investment and tax contributions. ”(Wheatcroft,1994).Tourists can be defined as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual surroundings for more than twenty-four hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes by the World Tourism Organization. Tourism industry is the idea of attracting, accommodating, and pleasing groups or individual travelling for pleasure or business. For example hotels, restaurants, and tour guides. Five sectors in tourism industry, which is including accommodation, food & beverage services, recreation & entertainment, transportation and travel services.
Therefore, tourism may be defined as the activities, processes and outcomes by the relationship and interaction among the tourist, government, suppliers of the tourism, the host communities and the environment that surrounding the destination which involved in attracting and accommodating of the visitors (Goeldner & Ritchie, 2009). According to Goelner & Ritchie (2009), there are four different perspectives of tourism can be identified from the tourist, business operator who providing goods and services, government of the host destination area and the local community. The first group is the tourists or visitors. They are the group who search for various travel experiences and satisfaction physically and psychologically.
Tourism can be considered one of the most significant economic and social phenomena of the twentieth and twenty-first century. The evolving of the tourist’s behavior has triggered a series of changes in the way of operating the tourism businesses. From traditional travel agencies, hotels and airlines up to the online tour operators. All tour operators have had to adapt to the changes of the individual as a traveler and this has led to continuous development of strategies by the agents.
Rural development is as important as urban development. Alleviating the hardships of the rural people is fundamental to rural development. Efforts at developing the rural areas are aimed at creating industries and employment opportunities. Any initiative towards this end would be welcomed with open arms in Nepal. This would also reduce the population density in the cities.
The concept brings proofs on how people spend their time, in which areas and for which purposes. (Nash, 1960, cited in Morgan…). As the people spend their time on different activities, one of those activities is tourism. As well as leisure, tourism has many definitions; we will use one of those which reflect main idea. Tourism is a
In this report sustainable tourism development will be explained and analyzed in relation to the essential features that influence a country’s tourism development. Sustainable tourism has to deal with social, environment and economic impacts. However tourism except from positive impacts has also some negative impacts regarding the economy, environment and social aspects. Sustainable development is also about developing a better life for all people that will be as practicable in the future as it was at present.