Butanol can be considered as an important industrial chemical which is useful as a fuel additive, feedstock chemical in the plastic industry and food grade extractant in the food and flavor industry. Every year, 10 to 12 billion pounds of butanol are produced by petrochemical implies and the requirement for this commodity will probably increase (Bramucci, et al., 2013). Sec-butanol alcohol (SBA) is an intermediate product in order to produce methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) which is a solvent for cleaning agents and paint removers. Since SBA is an isomer of butanol it is anticipated to have similar fuel properties. Besides, volatile esters of SBA are used in perfumes and artificial flavors. It is a chiral compound, and hence it exists as two enantiomers …show more content…
The catalyst used in this reaction is a copper based catalyst with the production of hydrogen as the by-product. In most of the production plant, the production involves two reaction steps. Firstly, it will start with n-butene whereby n-butene will be hydrated to produce sec-butanol. Then, the hydrated n-butene (SBA) will undergo dehydrogenation reaction to produce MEK. This production route dominates the MEK production industry in which 90% of the world production plant has chosen this route (Schulze and Homann, 1989) and it is the second largest method of utilizing n-butene produced by refinery of butane and butene in oil and gas industry (Kent, 2007). Due to the rapid development of the oil and gas industry, these production routes is considered to be comparatively …show more content…
There are various simulation programs used in industry depending on the field, application and desired simulation products such as for entire process unit or one piece of equipment. Aspen can be a very powerful tool when used to its full capabilities for a Chemical Engineer in a different of fields including oil and gas production, refining, chemical processing, environmental studies and power generation (Bernards and Overney, 2004). The advantages of modelling using by Aspen plus are it can reduce plant design as well as allows designer to quickly test various plant configurations. Besides, it also helps in improve current process as determines optimal process conditions within given constraints and assists in locating the constraining parts of a process that will be carried out using model analysis tools such as sensitvity analysis and optimization tool. Furthermore, the use of a process flowsheet simulator is beneficial in research and development (R&D), design and production. In R&D, it helps to cut down on laboratory experiments and pilot plant runs while in design, it enables a speedier development with simpler comparisons of various alternatives. Lastly, in production, it can be used for risk-free analysis of various what-if-scenario (Sylvia and Orchanian,
Unknown 6- Isopropyl Alcohol We found that unknown 6 was Isopropyl alcohol. Its chemical name is isopropanol and the chemical formula C₃H₈O but is typically called isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is today used as a primary ingredient in rubbing alcohol. Is smells very unpleasant and is used for disinfecting pads used by medical professionals for tasks such as sanitizing small instruments, wiping down surfaces, and cleaning a patient’s skin before an injection.
Having an access pipeline in North Dakota will make transporting oil to Iowa much safer and less costly than it has been, since there won’t be as much need for trucks and railroads. In a study conducted about whether the Bakken wells, the main pipelines throughout Iowa that the North Dakota Access Pipeline would connect to, are energy efficient, the scientists wrote that they “do not see evidence that Bakken wells are unsustainable, unproductive or “subsidized” from a physical or energetic basis.” (Brandt). This means that the wells are high quality and no energy is wasted, further meaning that the wells are cost efficient and safe for the surrounding areas, so that North Dakota’s economy can grow. The pipeline will directly effect North Dakota’s economy, since it will add, “33.000 temporary Hill-time jobs[,]SI.9 billion in income [,] Nearly $5 billion in increased production and sales[,] [$]156 million in state and local taxes.
Along with creating new jobs, the Dakota Pipeline transports crude oil. We should continue construction of the Dakota Pipeline is to increase production of crude oil. Our country uses more crude oil than any other country. We need to bring our production of crude oil higher than our consuming rate. If we continue to use more crude oil than make it, our country will depend more and more on foreign oil when we should be relying on ourselves.
The goal of experiment four was to use sodium dichromate to oxidize borneol to camphor. To purify the camphor use sublimation, then reduce camphor to isomeric alcohol isoborneol with sodium borohydride. Use the 1H NMR to determine the ratio of borneol to isoborneol in the final product. The experiment was carried out by using sodium dichromate to oxidize a borneol solution that was made with borneol and ethyl acetate. Once the reaction was complete the mixture was transferred into a separatory funnel where the ether and aqueous layers were separated and the aqueous layer was then extracted with two portions of ether.
Boom or Bust Just a few years ago Williston, North Dakota, was a quiet small town, with a population of around 12,000. Due to the oil prices and drilling, Williston is America’s biggest oil boom and had over 40,000 residents. The oil boom has caused many problems in North Dakota such as increasing the crime and social problems, housing and roads. There is a lot of wear and tear on the roads, because of the thousands of trucks that are hauling oil, water and other fracking components. According to the Department of Transportation, the state has invested $1.16 billion into the roads.
Abstract In this experiment, the reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride, (CH3)3CCl, was studied. The experiment was to determine the rate constant of the reaction, as well as the effects of solvent composition on the rate of reaction. A 50/50 V/V isopropanol/water solvent mixture was prepared and 1cm3 of (CH3)3CCl was added. At specific instances, aliquots of the reaction mixture were withdrawn and quenched with acetone.
The Gold Rush was one of the great movements westward, one that marked an American tendency of uprooting one’s life in the pursuit of wealth. Over 100 years later, the turn of the century marked another great exodus that paralleled that of 1849. The motivation for this movement is no longer a lust for gold but now, a thirst for oil. Within the past seven years, North Dakota has seen the largest oil boom in modern history; small, sleepy Midwest towns have been turned into booming oil towns accompanied by the backdrop of constantly working drilling rigs, a sight that used to only be seen in the oil rich Middle East. Thousands of jobs were created by this new industrialization and North Dakota’s economy is flourishing.
Even though many social changes came with the oil boom in Texas some do stand out more than others the most important one would be job opportunities for American people, but more
Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Sura Abedali Wednesday 2:00 PM January 31, 2018 Introduction: Dehydration reactions are important processes to convert alcohols into alkenes. It is a type of elimination reaction that removes an “-OH” group from one carbon molecule and a hydrogen from a neighboring carbon, thus releasing them as a water molecule (H2O) and forming a pi bond between the two carbons1. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol undergoes dehydration to form three possible products: methylenecylcohexane, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 3-methylcyclohexene in a Hickman still apparatus. Adding 85% Phosphoric Acid to protonates the “-OH” group, turning it into a better leaving group and initiating the dehydration reaction.
So, manufactures can use this information to select their
The objective of this experiment was to use an aldol condensation reaction to synthesize 3-nitrochalcone from 3- nitrobenzaldehyde. This was accomplished with a Diels-Alder reaction that utilized 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, acetophenone, ethanol, and sodium hydroxide. The mechanism for the synthesis of 3-nitrochalcone is presented in Figures 1 and 2. The alpha carbon on the acetophenone is deprotonated. This is followed by the attack of the alpha carbon anion on the carbonyl carbon on the 3-nitrobenzaldehyde.
Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize the component of strawberry fragrance – methyl trans-cinnamate. This reaction is accomplished by a Fischer esterification of methanol and trans-cinnamic acid refluxed for 1 hour
This graph shown below shows the oils production in 2015-2019 the production oil is reduced and by 2035-2050 the oil produced barrel per year is reduced from 60 billion barrels years to 10 billion barrels be year in
In the Oil & Gas Industry the competition is significantly intensive, with the market being ruled by big giants such as Exxon Mobil, Total, ConocoPhillips, British Petroleum, Chevron and the Royal Dutch Shell etc. Appendix A shows the market values of these super majors. The market is over ruled by three different types of players. 1.