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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Detergents

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Detergents are designed to have surfactant and other subsidiary components for cleaning purposes. Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. These could be anionic, cationic or zwitter ionic. Surfactants have been used as emulsifiers, detergents, foaming agents, dispersants and wetting agents. Surfactants are less sensitive than soap to hard water; therefore they are more effective for cleaning in hard water. Detergent surfactants were developed in response to a shortage of animal and vegetable fats and oils during World War I and World War II. Surfactants have replaced soaps and made their usage to a minimum. Surfactant detergents are very toxic. Surfactant detergents are implicated in decreasing the breeding ability of aquatic organisms. MBAS assay is an International standard technique for detecting anionic surfactants. These include carboxylates, phosphates, sulfates, and sulfonates. Major anionic surfactant used today is Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). LAS is a synthetic surfactant which is widely used in household detergents and in numerous industrial applications. Because of electrostatic effects, LAS concentrates in sewage sludge and creates huge environmental problems. One major risk that the detergent contamination poses is that their presence in water (above or below critical micelle concentration) lead to solubilisation of other oil soluble pollutants like DDT and

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