CHARACTERIZATION OF PALM FIBERS FOR REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER MATRIX
ABSTRACT
Natural fibers like palm fibers provides new hope for researchers to compete with hazardous synthetic fibers with its excellent chemical and physical properties for reinforcement in polymer composites. This work investigates the extraction of various fibers that are available from various portions of the palm tree and to characterize its chemical and physical properties. The results obtained through experimentation on various fibers extracted from the palm tree were compared with few natural fibers and the values were presented.
Keywords: Natural fiber, palm, coir, chemical properties, physical properties.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Natural fibers were obtained by nature from plants (stems, leaves, roots, fruits and seeds, etc).Efforts has been taken to use natural fibers as reinforcements in polymer composites from very olden days. [1-4].These fibers offer the potential to act as reinforcement for low to medium strength applications such as automotive, sporting goods, marine, electrical, industrial, etc. Over the past few decades, natural fibers received much attention from the research community. Natural fibers are replacing glass fibers for fabricating composite materials [5-7].
Investigations on the mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced with several natural fibers were studied. These studies include palm, kenaf, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, etc [8-14]. Palm fiber is a natural
o Boxwood (Buxus) is also used for constructing digeridoos because it is thin and hollow from being eaten by termites. o Red gum (Eucalyptus Camaldulensis) its bark is used for canoe making as the tree is wide and the bark is thick and takes a long time to rot. o
Composite doors in Greasby are worth considering as replacement doors for your house. These doors are highly regarded for their strength, durability and good looks! A composite door is made of a range of materials, instead of a singular material such as wood or upvc, that have been chosen specifically for their beneficial properties. It is typically made from a combination of materials such as PVC, wood, insulating foam and GRP (glass reinforced plastic).
Composite softball bats - Slowpitch and Fastpitch Composite Softball Bats Composite bats are made of reinforced carbon fibre polymer. The carbon fibre polymer or composite can make up the whole softball bat or part of it. The softball bats that are made entirely out of this composite are called composite bats and the ones that are made of part of the composite and the rest of the bat is either aluminium alloy or wood they are known as composite hybrid bats. The carbon fibre polymer is used to reinforce the bats to make them much stronger. The hybrid bats offer both the advantages of the composite and the other material.
3D printing technologies have greatly influenced the advancement of military-related technologies. As 3D printing technologies continue to improve, the complexity of objects that can be produced has been advancing at an unprecedented rate. This has resulted in reduced cost and time required in prototyping as well as in the manufacturing of weapons systems. With 3D printing technology, newer prototyping techniques that are more efficient are now available and thus, the time required to develop new technologies is substantially reduced. Progressions in 3D printing technology have been coupled with increased accessibility of the technology to the public.
INTRODUCTION Palm oil industry is an industry that produces various things with palm oil, such as chocolate, chewing gum, lipstick, soap, biodiesel, etc. Palm oil can be beneficial and problematic towards us. What most people know the benefits of palm oil is that, it is good for your health; reduce risk of having heart diseases and it can increase our “good” cholesterol which is the HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol. High-density Lipoprotein means that it is preservative.
This is because the Brazil nut contains the strongest shell so it is more difficult to break. Yet, the elasticity is the greatest in the pecan nut, this could be due to the orientation of the nut shell being able to bend more before it breaks at a larger point. The intact Hazelnut is the greatest in strength, toughness, and elasticity, but the Young’s module is greater in the fragmented form meaning the structure of the shell plays a greater role in the make-up of the materials. In 40% of the cases, the intact shell has a higher threshold than the fragment, this means structure plays an important part in the mechanics, just as much as the material itself. From an ecological setting, this could mean that the Brazil nut trees could withstand greater winds or harsher predator settings due to the shells strength.
According to Kumar, Dhane, and Priyadarshee (2015) fibers have three-dimensional reinforcement system which similar to root reinforcement where the fibers bind the soil particle together. Since soil usually good in compression but poor in tension, tensile element (fiber) that placed in the soil could help to improve the stability and control deformation of the soil (Kumar et. al., 2015). Strains in the soil mass generate strains and tensile loads in the reinforcement where its act to control the soil movement and thus give the soil additional strength. There are two type of fiber which are natural fiber and manmade fiber.
High-grade jacket materials such as polyurethane (PUR) should be considered. PUR is resistant to harsh conditions such as oils, fire, abrasions and chemicals. Lower grade jacket materials, such as PVC, while less expensive cannot handle exposure to oils and chemicals and might degrade. PVC also becomes brittle and cracks at low temperatures. Material selection can be dependent on the material’s electrical, mechanical and environmental capabilities and the ease with which they can be attached to other materials through processes such as crimping, soldering and other processes.
Polyactic Acid Is plastic bad for the earth? We use plastic to create items that make our lives easier everyday. Plastic has been molded into bottles, chairs, toys, and almost anything one can imagine. Over time the items created can potentially be more harmful for the planet than helpful. Plastic cannot just disappear, and everyday millions of plastic items are being used, a lot for only one day before being thrown out.
1.1.1.1 Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) This process uses a two sided (halves) mould that forms both surfaces of a laminate. The lower side of the mould is made rigid while the upper side is either a rigid or a flexible mould. The two sides fit together to form a mould cavity. With resin transfer infusion the reinforcements are placed into the mould cavity and the cavities are clamped together.
Physical properties test is conducted to determine the physical properties of the peat. According to von Post classification system, the type of the peat used is classified under H7 which is pseudo-fibrous peat or hemic peat. This present study focusing on study to determine the strength development before and after fiber inclusion on the peat for stabilized purposes. The mechanical test such as compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and California bearing ratio (CBR) test were conducted on the peat with or without inclusion of fiber ( 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%) and 5% cement insertion. Based on compaction test results, the highest maximum dry density is 0.617 Mg/m3 for peat with fiber inclusion 0.5% with the optimum moisture content is 69.19%.
Dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was used as the crosslinking reagent to fix the composite hydrogel fibers. The results indicate that the mechanical properties, enzymatic stability and blood compatibility of the composite hydrogel fibers are efficiently improved due to the addition of DCMC. The hydrogel fibers are effective biomaterials for using as wound dressings since they can absorb wound exudates and provide moist environment. Moreover, the composite hydrogel fibers present low cytotoxicity. The study indicates that DCMC is an effective crosslinking reagent for biomaterials fixation.
The mechanical properties effect is shown through the comparison of Poly (ether sulphone) with 30% Carbon fibre and with 40% Glass fibre. Processing Poly (ether sulphone) processing is carried out by using: 1. Blow molding. 2. Extrusion. 3.
Polyester Fibres Indtroduction: Polyester are polymers made by a condensation reaction taking place between small molecules, in which the linkage of the molecules occurs through the formation of estes groups. Polyesters are commonly made by interaction of a dibasic acid with a dihydric alcohol: HOOC-X-COOH+HO-Y-OH OC-X-COO-Y-OCO-X-COO-Y-OCO The formation of polyester was studied by Wallace H. Carothers of du Point during the investigation of polyesters which lead eventually to the discovery of nylon.
The huge amounts of plastic thrown away every year are enough to circle the world four times. According to Oxford dictionary plastic is “ a synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers that can be formed into shape while soft, and then set into inflexible or slightly flexible form”. It was invented by John Wesley Hayatt in 1869. Today, almost 260 million tons of plastic is produced a year. Plastic does not decompose and it stays on the surface for decades, which led to environment and health problems.