Native starches (NS) present limitations for their use in fruit fillings because of instability at low pH and high processing temperature, leading to lower end-product quality. Modification of native starch is useful to overcome these problems e.g. etherification for stability against retrogradation and cross-linking for stability against acid, thermal and mechanical degradation. The problems of native starch also can be overcome by using mixed system of native starch and hydrocolloids, which could act with starches through macromolecular interactions (Agudelo et al., 2014a; Agudelo et al., 2014b). Starches are polysaccharide consisting of linear (amylose) and branched (amylopectin) alpha-glucans.
ABSTRACT The use and production of biodegradable plastics is an extensively accepted strategy in creating a more sustainable environment. Biodegradable plastics are usually starch-based which can reduce the harmful effects and wide range of problems in the environment and human health from the production and disposal. In this study, the researchers produced a biodegradable plastic using leftover corn ( Zea mays ) starch which is a waste material and readily available anywhere. Leftover cornstarch was gathered from the bakeries around the vicinity of Paranaque. The leftover cornstarch was added with white vinegar and propan-1, 2, 3-triol (glycerol) as a plasticizer.
Furthermore, this scaffold induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSC both in vitro and in vivo by activating integrin and BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Calvarial defect healing was also significantly enhanced in the nanocomposite group [90]. Although chitosan-nHAp composite biomaterials have proven their worth as potential scaffold systems, ternary composite systems have also been widely prepared employing chitosan/nanoHAp with β-glycerophosphate [44,45,46], polyamide-6,6 [42], collagen [103], starch [104], gelatin [104,105,113], zinc oxide [56], poly(galacturonic acid) [94], poly(lactide-co-glycolide) [99], cellulose [100], collagen gels [49], hyaluronic acid [83], Cu-Zn alloy nanoparticles (nCu-Zn) [74], sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [51, 57, 58,
The main component of PLA is corn starch, which is much more resourceful than oil because it can be regrown. The oil supply will eventually run out, and is not a renewable resource like corn starch. PLA is currently used for only a few different applications such as food containers, cups, packaging, and other items. The United States spends hundreds of billions of dollars on oil each year, and producing corn starch is much easier. The polymer degrades into water, carbon dioxide, and organic materials.
It also comprise minerals such as potassium, phosphorus and calcium in reasonable amounts. Therefore, rice bran can be utilized substantially as a substrate without further addition[15]. Rice husk used for enzyme manifacturing by solid state fermentation comparise cellulose (35%), hemicellulose (25%), and lignin (20%) and it is a good source of lignocellulosic biomass that may be used as rough material [16]. For many these explanations solid state fermentation is approved as a encouraging technique for commercial scale assembly of α-amylase enzymes. Fungal sources have been found for α-Amylase assembly through submerged and solid state fermentation.
The 25% compression modulus of the rice starch foam baked at the 2000C temperature was higher than the rice starch foam baked at the 1800C temperature. As a result of the water in the starch dough was worked as a blowing agent. When the water was heat rapidly by high baked temperature (2000¬C). Therefore, the high pressure was occurred in the rice starch foam and made porous cells in the rice starch foam broken as shown in figure
Many people changed their work from agricultural to non-agricultural tasks moved to industrial regions and lead to mass migrations within a country. Big cities were established as a result of industrial revolution and played important role in production, consumption and politics (C.A. Bayly 2004, 185). One of positive influence of industrial revolution is that transportation such as railway was also developed (Eric 1996, 60). Development of transportation is important not only for the development of industrial revolution to transport materials, goods, workers, but also for the connection among different regions, which is a part of
Surface modified cassava starch can be used to make partially degradable films. These films contain 40% cassava starch and 60% low-density polyethylene polymer (Larotonda et al, 2004). 2.1.4 CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Cassava plays an important role in the production of drugs. Cassava starch serves as filler and binding agent in pharmaceutical industries to produce tablets in powder formulations (Singh & Nath, 2012). Cassava starch is required in the manufacture of sugar syrups using crystalline and liquid glucose.
The nanoparticles of Zinc oxide at 10 wt% were added in the above solution with vigorous stirring in order to get the homogeneously suspended Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the solution. Further slowly added 0.1 M of ammonium persulphate drop-wise which acts as an oxidizer with continuous stirring to this solution. The temperature was maintained at 4oC by keeping in the ice for 4 hours for polymerizing completely. Then the precipitate was filtered, washed with deionized water, acetone and finally dried in an hot air oven for 24 hours. Similarly PANI/ZnO Nanocomposites at different weigh percentages, that is 20%, 30%, 40% and 50 wt% could be synthesized.
Abstract The adsorption behavior of some metal ions (Pb, Mn, Mg, Zn and Ca) was studied on silicon dioxide nanoparticles alone and its mixture with microcrystalline cellulose powder (1:1) as drug carriers in pharmaceutical preparations. The effect of different conditions as temperature and pH values on the adsorption behavior was investigated. It was found that upon increasing the temperature, the ability of the adsorbent material increases. The pH of the metal solution has the same effect as temperature till pH 8. However, above pH 8 the adsorbent material began to lose its adsorption efficiency.