Advantages And Disadvantages Of Voting In India
In a democracy holding regular and free elections to the state legislatures and Parliament is the minimum condition. But more important is to devise laws and policies so that representatives are elected in a transparent manner uninfluenced by undesirable elements, especially money power of the corporate sector.
These observations are not unnecessarily panicky or woolly. They arise from the reality of the present situation as reflected in the last parliamentary election. No doubt, the BJP represents the majority on its own in the Lok Sabha. But with only 31% of the votes it cannot claim that it thereby represents the majority in the country. Thus the present system of "first past the post" may technically result in a majority in Parliament; in reality it may be a minority view in the country. This danger was flagged as far back as 1789 by French philosopher Mirabeau. That is why we have the "list system of voting" in many parts of world, including Germany, and it fairly represents the voter 's preferences proportionately in legislatures. It is heartening to note that the Socialist Party (India) in a memorandum to the Lok Sabha
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As far back as 1960 MC Chagla, Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court, warned that "It is a danger which may grow apace and which may ultimately overwhelm and even throttle democracy in this country." Similarly, the Calcutta High Court has warned: "It will mark the advent and entry of the voice of the big business in politics and in the political life of the country". Regrettably, Parliament ignored the warning and rather added in 1960 Section 293A to the Companies Act, 1956, permitting the corporate sector to contribute to political parties 5% of their average profits. The danger signs were visible immediately and the Santhanan Committee Report, 1962, recommended a total ban on all corporate donations to political parties. But it went
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