Essay On Autonomous Vehicles
A study on autonomous vehicles
An autonomous vehicle is also known as driverless car/ self-driving/robotic car. The car works in the same way as a traditional car fulfilling the basic requirements of the same. With the help of sensors, it is able to sense the environment around itself while driving and does not need human input to maneuver itself. Technologies like radar,lidar and GPS along with cameras help to achieve this level of autonomy.
The different levels of autonomous vehicles as classified by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA):
• Level 0: The driver completely controls the vehicle at all times.
• Level 1: Individual vehicle controls are automated, such as electronic stability control or automatic braking.
• Level 2:
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• Ethical problems where car has to choose between multiple harmful courses of action during an unavoidable crash.
• Highly specialized and accurate maps required.
Vehicle Communication Systems:
VCS use vehicles and roadside units as communicating nodes in a peer-to-peer network, providing each other with information. According to 2010 study by the NHTSA, VCS could help avoid up to 79% of all traffic accidents.
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messages to each other with information about parameters like speed, location, and direction of travel, braking, and loss of stability if it happens. This would help the vehicles involved to react autonomously in such situations to avoid collisions.
For effective VCS, a good V2V and V2I needs to be developed which would require more initial investment but would be able to pay back within a few years.
Current advancements in autonomous driving:
• Adaptive Cruise Control – Automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. Only on-board sensors are used. Either a radar or laser is used. GPS aided ACC provides guidance input to
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