Enzymatic Synthesis

Enzymatic synthesis offers various advantages over chemical synthesis such as lower energy requirement, enhanced selectivity and quality of product [1]. Although aqueous enzymology is extensively used, non-aqueous enzymology grown considerably in recent years for its successive application in pharmaceutical, food, agrochemical, drug, cosmetic industry, fine chemical, flavor and perfumery industry [2]. Chemical reaction are less favored owing to attend problems such as poor reaction selectivity leading to undesirable side products and requires harsh reaction condition [3]. New immobilization techniques make it possible to use enzymes in industrial processes in a similar way to the use of classical catalysts for heterogeneous reactions. Hence,

Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of oils and fats and, under appropriate working conditions, will also present catalytic activities of esterification, transesterification, and alcoholysis reactions [5-7]. Novozym 435 is an immobilized lipase obtained from Candida antarctica used in various industrial application mainly in formation of organic esters It has stability at high temperature, over a wide pH range, easy handling and repeated use, immobilized lipases have been employed in a number of industrial reactions. Lipases are specific towards the ester bond [8]. Organic esters like Octyl acetate is major aliphatic esters present in melon, apricot as flavoring component which serve as fixative and modifier. Traditionally, these esters are prepared by chemical synthesis and also by fermentation, which require a lot of purification steps and these are often expensive for commercial production [9] Due to the overwhelming interest in natural products, biotechnology should be attractive to produce flavors of natural aroma from natural precursors

In many situations ultrasound-assisted synthesis is faster and more efficient than conventional process and provides high efficiencies, which does not require to be polar as is the case with microwave assisted synthesis [36]. The main advantages of ultrasound-assisted synthesis versus other techniques such as Microwave assisted, Solid–liquid , Supercritical fluid are lower costs, thanks to the simplicity of the equipment needed and the similar or better yields obtained most times