A post mortem was previously used by neurologist in order for them examine the human brain and its many functions. However, technology increased accessibility to brain imaging techniques, as well as non-invasive ways to examine the brain in more detail (Morton, Sandhu, & Jones, 2016). MRI and PET Scans are the two modern methods of examining the human brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI is a modern day technique which uses detailed computer imagery to identify body structures. An MRI image produces a composite three-dimensional image; the resolution detects tiny changes of structures within the body, identifying strokes, tumours, as well as detecting bleeding and possible swelling of the brain (Galotti, 2008).
Many at times, biopsies and other procedures such as the growing of drainage or minimal tumor treatments are guided by CT scan examinations in order to stage, plan and administer radiation treatments. In a nutshell, CT scanning is globally acceptable by the public as it is often used to evaluate patients with lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, complications of pneumonia or acute appendicitis, inflammatory bowel diseases and other severe injuries in the internal human
Such non diagnostic image requires repetition leading to increased risk of radiation induced cancer which has been estimated as 0.21 or 1.9 per million examinations [1]. Panoramic imaging ( orthopantomography) is an imaging technique that is employed for producing facial structures including
Digital forensics is powerful because computer systems are windows into the past. Many retain vast quantities of information—either intentionally, in the form of log files and archives, or inadvertently, as a result of software that does not cleanly erase memory and files. As a result, investigators can frequently recover old email messages, chat logs, Google search terms, and other kinds of data that were created weeks, months or even years before. Such contemporaneous records can reveal an individual’s state of mind or intent at the time the crime was
The technique of elastography was introduced into the clinic for the purpose of improving the diagnostic performance of thyroid carcinoma. Due to its a noninvasive nature and later on with additional imaging modality features, Ophir et al. [44] proposed elastography in 1991 for the purpose of evaluating the stiffness of tissue and it has been widely used ever since. Many studies have indicated that adding elastographic technique to conventional US can help to improve the differentiation of thyroid lesions [45, 46]. Elastography is based upon the mechanical principles that tissue displacement is more in softer tissue than in harder tissue; hence elastography can be used to estimate the tissue stiffness in way that can reflect the nature of lesions.
● Forensic testing increases the chance of finding the person who committed the crime. ● It can be used to determine if a person is guilty or not. The evidence from forensic can be enough to put a person into prison. ● It can be used to solve old unsolved cases if there is still DNA available from that case. ● Help identify victims in big disasters where the body of the person can not physically be easily
Different types of images used in various fields like remote sensing, video processing, medical fields, biometric, satellite imaging techniques which require compression for transmission and storage. B. Medical Images
Radiology continues to be used in a wide verity of industries where the equipment is used to monitor security as well as measure quality but in the medical field, radiology has remains limited due to the limitation of radiation that can be used on people safely. To compensate, researchers and scientist and developers have moved their attention from increasing the radiation dosage to actually using the acceptable dosses to capture clearer images which can also be produced faster. In addition to image quality, and speed the digital radiology equipment can also capture different X-Ray resolutions in a single exposure thus reducing the cost and time required to secure different
An advantage of using fMRI is that it has an excellent spatial resolution, meaning the fMRI has the capability to show the complete neural network of the brain when participants are undergoing the given tasks. This would be helpful in accurately verifying the localised areas of brain activity by comparing blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) images. On the other hand, fMRI has poor temporal resolution, the BOLD signals increase around 5 seconds after neuronal firing. This could limit data findings if it is required to measure fast response time. Another weakness of the fMRI is results can be confusing to interpret.
Some of the techniques that are used in the brain are as follows: Electroencephalography (EEG): It is a process in which the impulses of the brain are recorded to know the pattern of the brain activity. It is usually used to diagnose epilepsy and seizure in the people. Computer axial tomography (CAT) scan: This is a technique which produces the images of the brain by the use of X-rays and providing the image on the computer screen. CAT scans are widely used to evaluate the brain, neck, spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and