Comparative Study on Peer-to-Peer Architectural Styles Aditya Mandhare
Computer Engineering Department, University of Mumbai adityamandhare@gmail.com Abstract— With rapid increase in the use of the internet, large amount of data is transferred over the network. This data may include, documents, images, audio and video files. However it is required that the internet should be robust and scalable and that dependency between different components be reduced. This need has led to the development of a new architectural style called the peer-to-peer style. It is a decentralized and distributed architectural style, and has enabled desiring parties to retain autonomous control over the aspects of their participation. It improves reliability and eliminates the need of a full time system administrator. The paper discusses various peer-to-peer architectural styles and also makes a comparison between them.
Keywords— Peer-to-Peer; Architectural style; Decentralized Architecture; Resource trading; content directory; node; supernode.
I. INTRODUCTION
The term “peer-to-peer” (P2P) refers to a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralized manner. P2P
…show more content…
The peer is then informed by the server about the locations where the file is present. The peer then chooses a location and makes a call directly to that peer and downloads the file. Thus, architecturally the system can be seen as a hybrid of client-server and pure peer-to-peer (P2P). The ‘peers’ act as clients and the ‘peer and content directory’ act as server during the registration and querying process. Once the peer knows about the file location, the file transfer takes place between the peers without further inclusion of the ‘peer and content
1.3 How do local area networks (LANs) differ from wide area networks (WANs) and backbone networks (BNs) Local area networks are limited within an organization Wide area networks extend over a large geographical distance and may be privately owned or rented Backbone network are the part of network infrastructure that feeds the connected networks 1.8 Describe the seven layers in the OSI network model and what they do. Application – this layer is specific to applications and provides services such as email, network software services and file transfers Presentation - In this layer, the data is formatted in a schema that network understands, and also manages data encryption and decryption Session – this layer establishes and controls the data communication between
‘Chubby’ is a unified lock service created by Google to synchronize client activity with loosely coupled distributed systems. The principle objective of Chubby is to provide reliability and availability where as providing performance and storage capacity are considered to be optional goals. Before Chubby Google was using ad-hoc for elections, Chubby improved the availability of systems and reduced manual assistance at the time of failure. Chubby cells usually consist of chubby files, directories and servers, which are also known as replicas. These replicas to select the master use a consensus protocol.
Perhaps many are confused about the existing commands linux, this time I will discuss about the linux basic commands used along with examples of its use. 1: Seeing identification (id and group id number) $ Id 2: Looking the calendar date of the system a. Looking at the current date $ Date b. See calendar $ Cal 9 2002 $ Cal -y 3: Seeing the machine identity $ Hostname
TurnKey File Server includes support for SMB, SFTP, NFS, WebDAV and rsync file transfer protocols. The server is configured to allow server users to manage files in private or public storage. Based on Samba and SambaDAV. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Server – phpList is the world's most popular open source email campaign manager. It's a one-way email announcement delivery system that's great for newsletters, publicity lists, notifications, and many other uses.
Not only will these innovations improve network strength, but possibly the speeds at which a client can access information from an application server. This has the potential to make cloud computing even more prevalent than it already is today because it would become easier to keep up with mass traffic to the servers. Large server banks would be able to be downsized slightly compared to their current sizes. The computer science techniques used in created Marple show that it is possible to even make an old process useful in modern applications. The hardware of Marple is also programmable making it extremely useful for any network engineers because they will be able to write custom software for Marple-based
In a peer-to-peer network the operating system of each node or host is responsible for controlling access to its resources without any centralized control. This type of network has decentralized management of its administration, system performance, resources and security. Also, in a peer-to-peer network clients share their resources directly with each other, and each user has a local account that only allows access to the network from one of its computers. Additionally, in a peer-to-peer network nodes or hosts are
P2P file sharing lets users access media files such as books, music, movies, and games using a multiplayer game. A software program that searches for other connected computers on a multiplayer network locates the game you are playing. The peers of such networks are end-user computer sites that are able to be join to in a multiplayer game from the internet.
This gives access to different kinds of websites and information that is shared between
That is, the key is delivered outside the network process from which it is being used. 2. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a method of
It will be able to directed the traffic and share information on the progress of the devices host on the network. This can also be done alone. If there are any communication errors, then the data packets will be checked by the network internet layer before transmitting the data packets. This has to be clear and not be
Non plagiarized Essays are written at the college, high school and the university levels of education. Essays can be descriptive, argumentative or they can be classified according to the subject they relate to. For example, history essays, philosophy essays, theology essays, Medical essays etc. one common thing about all these academic essays is that they have to be non plagiarized essays so that they are recognized as having met the required academic standards of writing. Writing non plagiarized essays for academic purposes is very important.
In this part of the research, macro and micro environmental aspect used to analyze music industry. PESTEL analysis used for macro environmental and Porter five forces for micro environmental. Through PESTEL analysis, it is easy to face with a lot of factors such as Political and Economic in music business. But the most important factor in this kind of analysis is Technology because it is also heavily influencing social factors within the music industry, according to developments in social and mobile networks. Moreover, in micro environment analysis using Porter’s five forces there is opportunity to understand better the customers, competitors, suppliers and all the others which are responsible in the music industry.
Gottfried Semper was a major figure in the field of Interior designing. He was an architect and an art critic who contributed majorly to the study of interiors .He proposed his ideas and thoughts in his book, “Four elements of architecture”, in the year 1952 and it was a huge success. In his book, he developed the theory that origin of architecture could be dated back to the primitive era when human civilization was at its peak. As compared to the modern ideology that architecture consists of structures made from materials, his theory revolved around the four main elements of the primitive era that were essential to human life.
In recent years Bitcoin has invaded the internet giving people the chance to earn money without lifting a finger. II. Thesis: Every year since 2009 Bitcoin has been growing its own international economy without any government regulations. III. Preview: Today we are going to talk about what bitcoin is and how it works, why people like/don 't like it, and the possible regulations of cryptocurrencies.
1) INTRODUCTION Education is an important thing for all people, especially to students who will grow up and will develop advanced countries. Education is not only to go to school but also education can be obtained everywhere now, for or example, at home. Parents can teach their children. By using the sophisticated technology now, education can also be easily found. Technology is a type of electrical system or digitally generated to facilitate everyone in manual.