Super structure:
Reinforced concrete has been chosen as building material for DATUM Setiawangsa project, for some reasons such as: The comprehensive strength of reinforced concrete is more as compared to other construction materials. It is good in tension and has better resistance to fire than steel, and other such construction materials. Concrete structures are easy and affordable to maintain, especially when it comes to structures like retaining walls, dams, piers and footings etc. Concrete can be cast into the desired shape making it the popular choice of developers and structural engineers. Reinforced concrete yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection. The yield strength of reinforced concrete is way over 100 times its tensile strength.
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Cracking: The maximum clear distance between bars on the tension face is checked against the limits given in BS8110: Part 1, clause 3.12.11 and Table 3.30. Design sketch: sketches of the beam with elevation and sections are drawn to show all information for the draughtsman.
Shear wall
Shear wall is a wall that resist horizontal forces applied in the plane of the wall (Architectural and Building Trades Dictionary, 1974).
The steps in shear wall design are as follows: Minimum area of vertical reinforcement: The minimum amount of reinforcement required for a shear wall from Table 3.27 of the code expressed by the term: (100Asc) / (Acc) is 0.4;
Where:
Asc : is the area of steel in compression.
Acc: is the area of concrete in compression. Area of horizontal reinforcement The area of horizontal reinforcement in shear walls where the vertical reinforcement resists compression and does not exceed 2% is given in clause 3.12.7.4 as: fy =250 N/mm2 0.3% of concrete area fy =460 N/mm2 0.25% of concrete area Provision of link if the compression reinforcement exceeds 2%, links must be provided through the wall thickness (clause
The column dimensions were 10 in. in the north-south direction (denoted as y-direction on the confined concrete column cross-section) and 15 in. in the east-west direction (denoted as x-direction on the confined concrete column cross-section). A concrete cover of 0.75 in. was used on all sides of the confined concrete column. Eight ASTM A706 Grade 60 #7 deformed steel bars were used for the longitudinal mild steel reinforcement bars inside the confined concrete of the column.
www.strombergarchitectural.com/technical/gfrc-design-cast-build.pdf 15/1/2018 Makeup GFRC is a combination of fine aggregate, cement, water, polymer and glass fibre. The key to GFRC is the glass-fibre reinforcement. The glass fibres take the place of steel in a wet-cast mix, which allow GFRC to develop much greater strengths than standard wet-cast concrete. This then allows us to cast thinner, lighter sections but also larger in surface area if need be than ordinary reinforced concrete panels.
The wall is a continuous ridge for 40km. The wall rises 20 m above the basalt lava flows. The wall is an inflated lava flow, also called a lava-rise structure. Geological Historwas trapped deep in the Crust and probably took a very long was trapped deep in the Crust and probably took a very long
Arches were used to create a stronger and sturdier building, but also add some architectural beauty to it. The Roman used the concrete to make roads and
When the Qin dynasty was overthrown the Han dynasty came to power. The too wanted to build a Wall . The Qin and the Hans process of building the Wall was fairly simple they built the framework for the Wall , then they would get this dirt clay mix and spread it into the frame and pounded until around 6-3 inches thick. And
Construction Challenge #4 Explain what the challenge was… The challenge was to make, with your team, a 30 inch cantilever beam with 16 plastic straw, 5 of the straw wrappers, and 15 centimeters of tape. Each team was allowed to use scissors and a hole punch to put together the straws. Then, Mr. Milhous placed the beam 24 inches off the table 6 inches on the table.
A work piece of size 90*65*12 is required for manufacturing the
1 Fracking and Natural Gas Fracking in the United States is a good idea because natural gas is widely used to fuel vehicles heat businesses and homes, and as energy for kitchen stoves and other appliances, natural gas; however, it is extremely flammable and has a tendency to be exceedingly destructive. Natural gas has been widely used all over many states, Texas, Louisiana, Wyoming, Oklahoma, and Colorado use natural gas and the percentage has increased by about 7.5% in 2011, the total of natural gas being used in the U.S. has increased by 65%. Many, if not most, of these states use natural gas for their vehicles, their heating and many kitchen appliances. Manufacturers offer factory built, natural gas trucks, vans, Public buses and school buses, there are
M3 M3: Make and support valid decisions relating to the specification of materials for a tutor provided application Introduction By using the materials identified in P6 I can decide on which material is best suited for a foundation, building frame, guttering, external cladding of walls and wall insulation by looking at each materials properties and performance. This will help decide on which material is best suited for each component of the building as we will be able to find which material is the strongest and long-lasting for the foundation and which is best at stopping heat transfer for the wall insulation. For a construction project to be successful the right material needs to be used for each component in the building to ensure that the
The project was about design of one-way and two-way slab. The basic steps are to determine applied load, to analyze resultant load and to calculate reinforcement steel bars. The most significant part of my undergraduate studies is perhaps the graduation thesis. My thesis topic is “ Design Project of High-rise Building”.
Structural Crack - Shear Crack and Extra Compression Loading Crack Figure 1. Shear Crack Figure 1[1] is an example of shear crack found at Swinburne
Build in as much furniture as possible. 7. Take into consideration the whole as an integral unit. 8. Use simple unbroken wall surfaces from the water table to the
Everywhere we go we see many different types of building constructions. Throughout the years construction workers have been finding new ways how to make an incredible structures or households. We are seeing new configurations on buildings that look very nice, especially the fancy hotels. Although many firefighters have been keeping a close eye how construction workers are constructing a building. Many firefighters have lost their lives because of building collapse or because the building losts it 's intergrity.
Decorative Choices For Your New Concrete Driveway If you 're tired of the maintenance needs of a dirt or gravel driveway, then it 's time to consider installing something more permanent. One option is concrete. Concrete driveways are durable and they can be stylish too. You generally have more options with concrete than you do with asphalt since concrete is lighter in color and can be dyed easily.
Cracks are expected at intervals in this slab (Usually .90 to 1.2m) and are held together with structural steel. Appropriate spacing between cracks must be determined in order for this method to work. Continuously reinforced roads can sometimes be more expensive than the other two methods due to the higher quality of steel used in its construction, however this can be lowered by the reduced amount of cement used in the concrete mixture due to the thinner layer of concrete in comparison with the other two methods. With proper management, this method can be similar to the other two in terms of durability and cost