Importance Of Adverb In Pashto Language

Faculty of Humanity and Social Sciences

Department of General Linguistics

Field Methods in Linguistics

Adverb in Pashto language

(adverb of frequency, adverb of time)

Aisha Jumah Rashed Alqaidy

201101805

Dr. Tommi Leung

Section 51

Fall 2016

Abstract: This paper examines adverb in different ways. However, Pashto one of the national languages of Afghanistan. Major Pashto speaking cities in Afghanistan are Kandahar (Qandahar), Kabul. There are two major dialects of Pashto: Western Pashto spoken in Afghanistan and in the capital, Kabul, and Eastern Pashto spoken in northeastern Pakistan. Most speakers of Pashto speak these two dialects. I will show you some sentence include adverb of manner and other adverb of time .

3- kelh nakelh Manga yak ʃambay pa wraz fʊtball kaw

Sometimes (adv) We Sunday on day football play

Sometimes we play football on Sunday

4-za lowa yw kitbak kelh nakelh I read a book sometimes

I read a book sometimes Note: Kelh nakelh (sometimes) accrue in different places in Pashto for example, we can write in the begging also at the end of the sentence additionally between (we) and (Sunday) but didn’t accrue in the other place of the sentence.

Note:

As you saw above, sometimes and never in Pashto has two words and at the end of this word has suffix (lh)

5- Hame ʃ a pa Gomai ki dere zait baranɔna kigi Always(adv) in(prep) Winter in(prep) a lot rain It always rain a lot in winter

Also, plays in Pashto have different cases depends on the sentences if it was singular or plural. They used (kaw) in plural sentences which is more than one. However, (kay) he is one of singular.

9-Hagaha tra awesh kitabona lowale He still(adv) books reading

He is still reading books

10- haga tra awesh na da tlli

She yet hasn’t gone She hasn’t gone yet

In adverb of time the most common is …

Analysis As you saw previously, I classify adverb for two types which I made key words for adverb of frequency and adverb of time. Moreover, I explained each sentence because every sentence have different rules depends on the sentence. Equally important, I saw clearly that most of adverb of frequency contain (lh) in the end of words and (tra awesh) for most of adverb of time. On the other hand, Pashto language has adverb of place such as there, over there, nowhere all these words contain prefix (he) in the begging of word and suffix (th) in the end of the