Affirmative Action Vs Libertarianism
In doing so, Buckley’s magazine lent strength to the tradition of American prosperity, a tradition which in the 1970’s was enduring nearly its greatest trial. In time, and due in no small part to NR’s leadership, prosperity would once again assume its place as the American norm—one of the boon developments of our age and one of the greatest consequences of the conservative revolution. (Domitrovic p. 34)
Historian Robert Alan Goldberg wrote in his biography, The Conscience of a Conservative, which built upon Buckley 's work at National Review that in many ways the state had an obligation to maintain order and promote integrity and methodically harmonized the differences between traditionalists and libertarians. He “argued ‘Politics’, is the
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This affirmative action has worked to great effect, creating a more racially-just and diverse society than otherwise would have been the case. “Many view Affirmative Action as an expensive exercise that violates principles of merit of equal opportunity and that, in any event, has not achieved its original goals as enunciated by President Johnson in 1965. Further, there is no agreement or clarity about what, if anything should be put in its place” (Katznelson, n.d). The almost exclusively white-targeted nature of the extensive federal legislation before 1965 has largely been ignored by policy critics, just as it was ignored by Lyndon Johnson.
Thus, often without realizing it, the United States has practiced what, in effect, was white affirmative action on a highly generous and widespread basis, followed by a much more modest program of black affirmative action. By understanding this history, we can come to terms with the widening gap between blacks and whites noted by Lyndon Johnson and with the incapacity of many blacks to be able to make good this gap in the following four decades (Katznelson,
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“Nevertheless, Reaganism clearly revitalized the conservative movement in the USA” (Brinkley, 1994). The Economic Recovery Tax Act, (ERTA) included a 25 percent reduction in marginal tax rates manifested in over three years, and directed attention for inflation from that point on. “The 1981 act, combined with another major tax reform act in 1986, cut marginal tax rates on high-income taxpayers from 70 percent to around 30 percent, and would be the defining economic legacy of Reagan’s presidency” (Reagan signs Economic Recovery Tax Act,
The Pros And Cons Of Ronald Reagan's Tax Cuts
411 Words | 2 PagesDuring the campaign of 1980, Ronald Reagan announced a formula to fix the nation’s economy. He claimed an inordinate tax burden, intemperate government regulation, and huge social spending programs hindered growth. Reagan proposed a 30 percent tax cut for the first three years of his term in office. The bulk cut would be directed towards the upper income levels. The economic theory was called supply-side of trickle-down economics.
Analysis Of Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together In The Cafeteria
411 Words | 2 PagesErica Beckman Duran English 1A 28 October 2015 Affirmative Action In Chapter Seven of Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? , Beverly Tatum discusses affirmative action, an action that guarantees equal opportunity to all individuals, regardless of any circumstances (117). Tatum remarks on the history of affirmative action, in which it was introduced to language and our legal system by executive order 11246 by President Lyndon B. Johnson (1965), and obligated federal contractors to “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, religion, sex, or national origin” (116-117).
Ira Katznelson's When Affirmative Action Was White
438 Words | 2 PagesIn the book, “When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America,” by Ira Katznelson, he takes us, the readers, back to the 1930’s through 1950’s during the when he considered affirmative action to be pro-white rather than today’s perception of affirmative action where we ensure that interviewees are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, belief, color, or national origin. Katznelson points out that this period of history was driven by politicians during the New Deal started creating government programs in order to take care of the wellbeing of people, their work, and during World War II in the 1930s and 1940s. The government intentionally single out and treated the vast majority of African Americans very differently. The fundamental issue was the support of Southern representatives in Congress was needed in order for the Democratic leaders to pass laws that are not in favor to African Americans. Simply put, that the New Deal union was being framed as a real mean middle man, making bargains between white people that want to help (aka progressives) and the white people that do not want to help and keep all the government benefit to themselves (aka
How Did Ronald Reagan's Economic Policies Affect The Economy
799 Words | 4 PagesRonald Reagan's economic policies proved controversial during his eight year tenure as U.S President (1981-89). Current economic historians still rigorously debate the rationale and impact of Reaganomics. Reagan inherited a struggling economy and embarked upon radical solutions to turn around American economic decline. Important measures included a reduction in business regulation and increased government control of monetary funds in order to control inflation. Although Reagan’s economic policy resulted in short-term success, which included the lowering of inflation and unemployment, his decisions to reduce income tax for the wealthy and government spending on social programmes, while increasing defense expenditures, polarized American public
Summary Of When Affirmative Action Was White
1556 Words | 7 PagesKatznelson’s argument that affirmative action policies were enacted with purposeful, deliberate discrimination is convincing. Namely, he considers the historical context that would have shaped Americans at the time and swayed their opinions. For example, Katznelson references the Civil War and the end of slavery, and how these events shaped the attitudes of key players like the Southern Democrats, which would then result in the faulty policies that perpetuated affirmative action’s favoritism of whites. His evidence is sufficient as well. Katznelson highlights the trend of Southern Democrats interfering in affirmative action policies and the footholds they had in specific acts.
Summary Of A Troublesome Inheritance By Nicholas Wade
1629 Words | 7 PagesWe have seen in the past four decades race-based affirmative action programs that have arisen and fitfully developed through judicial challenges. As in most case, the best of intentions do not always lead to positive outcomes. Nothing could be more apt in describing the perilous position we have bestowed upon millions of minority students who have been admitted to higher learning institutions under the auspices of diversity. As illustrated by the standardized test and GPA numbers in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the students admitted to the medical school of UC-Davis under their affirmative action policy were extraordinarily less qualified when compared to the student body as a whole. This not only unfairly displaced white and Asian students who would have otherwise been admitted to those spot on merit but also places those underperforming students in an environment in which they are destined to fail.
What Are The Key Events Of The 1980's
1809 Words | 8 PagesAfter Reagan had been elected president, there was a promise that, “the rate of monetary creation would be slowed to help reduce inflation and interest rates” (Trescott, Page 161). When Reagan promised this, the citizens held him accountable to that and they trusted that he would be able to reduce the national debt and prevent any more money from being spent unnecessarily. This reveals the economy during the 1980’s due to the fact that Americans wanted the cheapest possible lifestyle and Reagan tried to accomplish that. In addition to promising this, Reagan had reduced the income tax from 70% to 28%.
White Male Privilege
367 Words | 2 PagesPerhaps one way of defining and understanding the concept of white male privilege is to imagine that a white male walks through life with an invisible duffle bag full of unearned rights and privileges that a white male alone enjoys. These privileges are said to exist as these white males have something of value that is denied to others simply because of the groups they belong to, versus anything, in particular, they have either failed to do or have actually done. Because other groups do not walk through life with this invisible duffle bag full of unearned rights and privileges, Affirmative Action policies were initiated to provide those without an invisible duffle bag, a visible one; thus, allowing all to walk through life equally. In regards
Conservative Ideology Research Paper
637 Words | 3 PagesReagan’s campaign against poor Black people was successful in sharpening discrimination at a national level, even after the Civil Rights Movement worked to end discrimination within the system. Tillotson strongly argues that conservative ideology is “anti-African American agency and as an ideology it poses a significant threat to the internal security of African Americans” (51). Also that it has “destroyed to a large degree any efforts at an equal playing field for poverty stricken citizens of African ancestry in America” (Tillotson 50). Tillotson includes W.D. Wright’s argument that welfare segregates African Americans in ghettos by acting as a “substitution for educating masses of Black people” (40), and failing to properly train them for good paying jobs. Furthermore, even if they were skilled, they are already closed out of the job market based on skin color, the only place available for Black folks to remain is as an exploited underpaid cheap labor
Was Ronald Reagan's Economic Policies Successful Or Not?
976 Words | 4 PagesWhat can be said in total about the Economic Recovery Act also known as the Kemp-Roth Act (1981) and The Tax Act (1986) effectively known as “Reaganomics,” it shook up the establishment in Washington D.C. Under the new tax codes consumer prices fell sharply meaning everyday products were more affordable, the poverty rate fell, and the stock market grew 6 percent. In the opinion of some economists Reagan’s policies helped to bring the second largest peacetime economic expansion in the history of the United
Strauder V. West Virginia
1905 Words | 8 PagesIn the case of Strauder v. West Virginia, an African American man challenged the state’s law that only whites could serve in jury duty, saying that it was unconstitutional to the 14th Amendment, but the court ruled that states could choose to exclude any person from serving on a jury, even if that reason was simply because they were not white (Strauder v. West Virginia). From this decision, it is clear that, even after the passing of the 14th Amendment, many, if not most court judges thought that African Americans were inferior, intellectually and morally, to white men, and still held that equal participation in the government should not be possible. The denial of African Americans from serving their country, through their local courts, in the same capacity as white people was a chief reason for the continual contention that was had with state governments, especially those that were disinclined to allow civil rights to African Americans, and court appeals for violation of rights seemed to be the most effective way to induce the equality of the races, or at least to make people aware of the social injustice. One of the most famous examples of the push against discrimination was the landmark Brown v. the Board of Education, a consolidation of four cases from four states against the state government for the laws against African Americans children from attending “whites only” schools violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Brown v. Board of Education). The idea of schools that educate students of different races was not a frontrunning issue in America’s sociopolitical eye until the eve of the Civil Rights Movement, and although the Fourteenth Amendment protects the rights of American citizens to enjoy equal institutions, the
The Successes And Losses Of Ronald Reagan
488 Words | 2 Pages“In 1981, Reagan persuaded Congress to reduce the top tax rate from 70 percent to 50 percent and to index tax brackets to take inflation into account” (Foner, 1036). These enactments caused a large reduction in domestic expenditures and designed the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. These were created to lower federal revenues over 5 years, totaling $737 billion. Reagan also enacted supply-side economics. This was the theory that states that increased capital, labor, entrepreneurship and land are what drives economic growth.
Essay On Racial Privilege In America
1488 Words | 6 PagesEven to this day, about two hundred and fifty years since America had gained independence, many people of color in American society still feel that they are treated unequally. In today’s society, the discussion of racial privilege has been a big discussion within society and politics in America. Although some people might not find, or see racial privilege in America as a huge problem, it is a big problem and makes many people of color feel like they are not welcomed in America. Racial privilege in America has been witnessed in America ever since the reconstruction period of the Southern United States when the Supreme Court made it unconstitutional to discriminate against the former slaves of America. Since then many people have spoken out of racial privilege and have given their point of view of the privilege
Shackled Runner Thesis
1028 Words | 5 PagesAccording to the dominant theory the affirmative action was firstly introduced to deal with two types of social disruption in the 1960s as campus protests and urban riots in the North. However, this article is based on different theory as dominant theory's empirical evidence is limited. It examines the initial reason for advent of race-conscious affirmative action in 17 undergraduate institutions in the United States. And according to the research this article concludes that there were two waves that contributed to affirmative action: 1) first wave in the early 1960s introduced by northern college administrators 2) second wave in the late 1960s introduced as a response to the protests of campus-based students. This article will help me to establish the main reasons for introduction of race-conscious affirmative action in undergraduate
Argumentative Essay On Racial Equality
1734 Words | 7 PagesThroughout many of the affirmative action legal cases, one of the main arguments from proponents is that it is necessary in order to right the wrongs of past racial discrimination. Some say that affirmative action is justified because even though white applicants may be more qualified, this is only because they did not face the same hardships as their minority counterparts (Rachels, Ethics, 1973). Many argue if we do not integrate disadvantaged minorities into mainstream social institutions, they will continue to suffer the discrimination that has plagued our country for centuries and that this is detrimental to not only the minorities but also society as a whole (Anderson, 2002, 1270–71). However, the debate has recently shifted to the benefits of diversity in the classroom which the Supreme Court has affirmed as being a positive thing
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