CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.1. Introduction Affordable housing is housing that is affordable to those with a median household income or housing made available at below market rents and allocated according to need (Pawson, Milligan, Phibbs and Rowley, 2014, p. 1). In Australia, this means that a household does not have to spend more than a certain percentage of their income (e.g. 30/40 Rule) on housing cost. For instance; the 30/40 rule used in Australia recommends 30% of a household’s income from the lower 40% of the income quartile to be spent on housing. Any housing cost, greater than 30% to the lower 40% income earners is a housing stress (Yates, 2006). This depends on the region, country, province, city or town which is usually determined by an affordability index calculated for that area (Luffman and Jacqueline, 2006). For example; the housing affordability index used by the National Association of Realtors is 162.6 and 158.1 for the months of April and May in 2016 respectively. According to (Milligan, et al. 2004), affordable housing refers to the housing, which assists the lower income households in having access to (paying and obtaining) appropriate housing without experiencing undue financial constraints. Affordable housing can be broadly defined …show more content…
Prior to the colonisation of the country, the people of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were accommodated or housed in self-help dwellings which can still be found in the rural areas today (Higgins and Kumar, 1983). These dwellings were constructed using the raw materials that were gathered freely from their communal land (customary land). The dwellings were locally constructed using local skills with varying designs and styles from region to region due to the differences in the local climate, customs and traditions and topography as well as the preferences of the people (Higgins & Kumar,
Some Americans took the initiative of venturing in to low cost housing since
Looks like someone has been token tips from Oprah “You get an affordable house, you get a house, and you get a house. EVERYONE GETS A HOUSE!!! ”. Whether or not this act can l reverse the damage done by gentrification, now that 's a whole other
As outlined in chapter 10 of the course text, inequality in housing and wealth is a major problem. The United States is described to be the most unequal countries in the western hemisphere. But with the inequalities when it comes to wealth, the United States is one of the richest countries in the world. Wealth is the sum total of a person’s assets. These assets include, cash in the bank and value of all properties, not only land but houses, cars, stocks, and bonds, and retirements savings.
Gentrification is the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. Real Estate investors usually take low-income places that they feel have a chance to prosper economically, and turn them into areas that attract the middle and upper class workers. In doing so they feel like the low-income areas will be safer and more appealing, attracting more people to visit and live there. An improvement to a poor district sounds beautiful, but is gentrification as great as it’s sought out to be? Many residents have their doubts about gentrification due to the idea that the costs of their living will go up and they will be driven out of their neighborhoods.
The subject of homelessness is not universally discussed in society because many people are either ignorant or unwilling to get involved to help. Although it is taboo, every day people are faced with or see homelessness. Many times driving under freeway passes or through highly populated cities, the homeless population can be seen everywhere. California has the densest homeless population in the United States, which is Skid Row in Los Angeles. In the state of California, the effects of homelessness continue to be an ongoing challenge for not only citizens but law enforcement and elected officials.
Public Policy on Housing Discrimination Executive Summary Housing discrimination and segregation have long been present in the American society (Lamb and Wilk). The ideals of public housing and home buying have always been intertwined with the social and political transformation of America, especially in terms of segregation and inequality of capital and race (Wyly, Ponder and Nettking). Nevertheless, the recent unrest in Ferguson, Missouri and in Baltimore due to alleged police misconduct resulting to deaths of black men brought light on the impoverished conditions in urban counties in America (Lemons). This brings questions to the effectiveness of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in devising more fair-housing facilities (Jost).
Residential Schools was an enormous lengthening event in our history. Residential schools were to assimilate and integrate white people’s viewpoints and values to First Nations children. The schools were ran by white nuns and white priests to get rid of the “inner Indian” in the children. In residential schools, the children suffered immensely from physical, emotional, sexual and spiritual abuse. Although the many tragedies, language was a huge loss by the First Nations children.
Area of Conflict Homelessness can be understood in the perspective of conflict theory, which holds that capitalism is one the main reason for homelessness. “Capitalism is a social system based on the recognition of individual rights, including property rights, in which all property is privately owned” (Ayn Rand). There are many reasons why a person becomes homeless, an increasing number become homeless each year, with up to 5,000 people becoming homeless every year. Generally the experiences that lead to homelessness are determined by poverty and structural inequality.
Kenney Morales Prof Peters English-101 “Homelessness” Imagine you are walking in a city, and amongst the crowded street, you notice a man. He isn’t walking, just sitting down out of sight. He doesn’t make a sound. However, he stands out the most out of everyone else.
Is there anything being done by the state as the number of the homeless increasing rapidly in Orange County? According to the statistics, the population of homeless has increased compared to the past years. The leaders in Orange County offered no cure to these homeless people until they saw a drastic shift in the homeless population. The author’s viewpoint about that the state should get more involved to help their helpless citizens. First, state should assist the homeless since there is a rapid increase in the homeless population in the orange county.
The National Association of Home Builders estimates that building 100 new affordable housing for households which have low income, contributes to the creation of 80 jobs from the direct and collateral effects of construction and 42 jobs supported by the induced effects of the spending (Wardrip, Williams & Hague, 2011). By building affordable housing, people can be in a sizeable and sustainable condition, more opportunities to increase the character of life in order to avoid the unemployment, and especially reduce
The issue of homelessness in America has been evident since the early 1600’s. Across the country men, women and children spend their nights on the streets not knowing when or if they will ever find a permanent home. States and federal officials or city councils have tried to alleviate or at least reduce the number of homeless over the last several decades at a city, state or national level but it continues to be an ongoing problem. There is a multitude of factors that account for the growing homeless population that affects each state in the country differently. Though there are many contributing factors that contribute to the amount of people living on the street at any given night in the U.S.
However, this project is faced with various challenges. According to Assad (n.d.), affordable housing provides low income families, senior citizens and persons with disabilities with minimal cost housing that meets security and building standards. A burdened individual, who could end up destitute or stay in a dangerous staying, similar to a denounced building, can opt to discover an affordable housing with a sensible rate (Assad n.d.). Home ownership can boost the esteem. After undergoing through difficult times, owning an affordable house is something a person must be proud of (Havekamp 2015).
For example, landlords who think the properties in the piece of land are worth charging more for the original renters, which leads to higher income households entering the neighborhood, or may harass renters to empty the house for the purpose of filling in these new households. Other residents, finding that friends and family have been "evicted", may follow these social networks to maintain the original living. From past research, several indicated that low income households were relocated to areas nearby their previous locations. However, recent research showed that displacement is now likely to push such households to the boundaries of cities. Consequently, low wage labor in these cities find more difficult to relocate and most households suffer great stress in relocating some distance away from the supporting networks of local family and friends, which can also impose psychosocial problems to those
Since the housing crash there have been a number of articles and talking heads lamenting homeownership. The opinion is that it's just not a good investment anymore and for some people homeownership is just not in their best interests. Let's look at this from a long term prospective. Owning a home adds pride for the home owner as well as the neighborhood. You can drive down most streets in most any neighborhood and tell which homes are rented and which are owned by the people living there.