Agenda Setting Theory

understand the 'hidden face' of power as in Steven Lukes' (1974) “three faces of power” it is necessary to explore beyond what initially appears from a policy decision or political standpoint. The realms in which the media operate can be quite complex, gauging an understanding to these is essential when trying to understand the various sources of power that the media controls and hence can manipulate. There have been numerous theories and theorists which have been introduced throughout this course regarding various conceptions of power, the 'two faces' view of Bachrach and Baratz (1970) provided the framework for the view on power. However, it was not until Lukes (1974) “three faces of power” theory which expanded on the work of Bachrach and

it is difficult to really analyze fact from fiction in news. News stories seem to come from everywhere and, at times, it’s hard to know the reliability and credibility of the sources. Consequently, there are many types of fallacies found in everyday argumentation. Broadcast news and talk show news hosts engage in many of them. The three that I will discuss are: 1) ad hominem (“against the man”) where the person, rather than the argument, is attacked; 2) red herring where irrelevant issues are raised to divert attention away from the main point and 3) ad populum (“appeal to popularity”) where the truth of the appeal is based on its popularity or the personality or celebrity behind it.

A large part of the how humanitarianism, and humanitarian intervention specifically, is understood is largely based on the media portrayal and public discourse. Particularly in a conflict raging on as far away and as complex as the Bosnian War, the public relies on the media to outline what is going on. As Gregory Kent (2003) argues, state actors along with humanitarian agencies have a significant role in the development of media narratives and the subsequent responses by politicians. Kent also states that the perception of the seriousness of the Bosnian War had serious implications for what policy decisions were made. In the case of Great Britain, the “problem” of the Bosnian War was defined as one without solution and therefore made it one of little concern.

He has attempted to outline several theoretical modalities through which the contemporary stranger is linked together, and to highlight how media technologies help elongate the relevance of Simmel’s important construction. Future research could examine interplays between the mediated stranger, online surveillance, and self-disclosure; it could also investigate connections between inclusion, exclusion, and mediated politics. We can also see that our culture norms and social media play a very significant role in the umbrella revolution or you may say Occupy Central. Different local newspapers in Hong Kong such as Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily and Sing Tao Daily neglected the faith of a media, their standpoint should be neutral and provide objective facts to the readers, however , they failed to do it .Apply Daily’s boss Lai Chi Ying was criticized as receiving money from United States and supported the revolution against the government .

Communication Messages in Reverse Graffiti People have a tendency to imagine the newest information technology and gadget, social media and traditional customary press, expert newspapers and national news when they search for information or wish to widely replace and different opinion. although this quite is rudimental accepting of media, however, graffiti workings absolutely well the side view of mediate message. ( Schulz ,2004) set three main function of human communication development that conquer spatial and Temporal limits, that is: 1) Relay – a link between reality that occur in dissimilar places and period and also to people of a variety of societal and social cultural backgrounds. 2) Semiotic – the state used for information to be productively decipher is its and reader’s and readability awareness with the signs and symbols.

In the debate about what is culturally and ethically appropriate to broadcast, there has arguably been great back-last against media events as news. To aide this understanding, there is a need to critically dissect the Media Event in terms of its newsworthiness in the past, present, and future. In this essay, the works of Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz (1992) and Elihu Katz (1980) will be used to shape an overview of media events, their need and appeal in the media. Stuart Ewen (1996) will be used to shed light on a publicity-driven media, while Daniel Boorstin (1961) will emphasise on the vices of the media event; these will be critically assessed. Finally, in a self-developed case study about the rescue of Chilean miners in 2010, disasters will be discussed as a different form of media event.

It is heavily influenced from the Groation tradition. According to this perspective, regimes are much more pervasive and exist in all areas of international relations. Contrary to the conventional structure and modified structural, this viewpoint moves away from realist thinking as it is “too limited to explain an increasingly complex, interdependent, and complex world.” This approach rejects the assumption that the international system is comprised of states and the balance of power is solely due to force. Rather, it argues that elites are the principal actors and that they have national and transnational ties.

3. Appropriateness Cultural imperialism is represented in the perspectives of ontology (the nature of reality; what is knowable), epistemology (how knowledge is created and expanded), and axiology (the proper role of values in research and theory building). This is related to today 's media that its audience will be hearing, reading, seeing, and knowing on whatever news the media portrays that influence the lives of audience. Its general assumption is at least one change will occur in the behavior or personality of the audience based on their dependency on the media. Since cultural imperialism is mostly involved with the media, especially television (pallavidhakal, 2011), it depicts how cultural hegemony is built and reinforced in the society

CHAPTER: 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE = == == == ==

According to Baum and Potter (2008), the media does not control the direction of U.S. foreign policy, he posits that the media’s effect on U.S. foreign policy is far more multifaceted than just a simple “cause and effect” attribution suggests and much more subservient to the policy actions of government officials themselves than the case commonly seems. Before delving into the characteristics of mass media it is important to highlight that the mass media causes a CNN effect in societies. The CNN effect is the term coined in the 1990s. It stands for a media impact on foreign policy, either directly or through public opinion (Livingston 2007). Robinson (2013) defines the CNN effect as ‘the ability of real-time communications technology, via the news media, to provoke major responses from domestic audiences and political elites to both global and national events’.

In this essay Peter Moss argues that television news are an interesting and instructive example of our current condition of culture, embracing both the modern and the post-modern. He uses textual analysis to indicate that while the methods of news presentations and the details of narrative structure may be relatively complex, many events in political and social history are theoretical with the imperatives of this medium’s entertainment principles. For mass commercial television news productions, the cultural judgments that must lie behind the selections pose cultural and social dilemmas. However Moss argues that for individual members of the audience, the surfaces of social and private life are constantly changing, and by eschewing placements

It is one of the areas in which revolution has taken place and changed the way things operate in the world. Some of the areas that have had a great impact include the field of transport where drones are used for quick delivery of items and products, for journalism purposes, mapping, domestic use, surveillance and military use in attacking and destroying a military base. However, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles also commonly known as drones have come without challenges. Some of the challenges that the drones have posed in the United States include debates on privacy. People feel that their privacy has greatly interfered with when the aircrafts start to move above the sky and collecting data and then share the same data with the public.

News is how we learn about what is happening around us. In our communities, in our country, and throughout the world. We rely on newspapers, radio, television, and online sources to give us the facts about the news. We expect to be informed of situations, and not swayed by the bias of those reporting this information. In a perfect world, we would be given the facts at face value, but unfortunately, the news we are given are heavily stained with biases and other manipulative techniques to sway our view point.

If a story might cause damage to an ideological interest of a network they might not cover it. This problem remains in both the left-wing and right-wing media. The only solution lies in the democratization of the news medium by the internet. If everyone has the power to report lies and injustice, then the world can become a more transparent

George Orwell once wrote in an essay on critical thinking, “To see what is in front one’s nose needs a constant struggle.” (Orwell). Orwell, I think was trying to say, that the hard part about critical thinking, is reducing subjectivity and increasing objectivity. Conspiracy theories often suspend critical thinking to maintain the assertion. There is a large audience for this type of reasoning.