Spatial Disparities In Morocco

Observing the spatial disparities today, reveals that these are not only visible between the different countries. Indeed, they are also more pronounced between regions of the same country in accordance with their level of development. In the Morocco although significant progress is being made, at the national level, interregional inequalities persist. The indicators show strong disparities in the development of different regions, which differentiates the living environment of the inhabitants and stimulates spatial migration.

Unequal regional development is the result of a process in which regions with an initial advantage due to historical accidents, attract firms increasingly. This company wanting to take advantage of the agglomeration

Articulation between agglomeration economies and convergence.

Agglomeration economies come from spatial concentration of certain activities. This concentration involves the formation of returns to scale, which in turn lead to lower costs for localized firms. Moreover, they can benefit from externalities from the actions of other firms in the same industry or even another industry. However, the strong spatial concentration could have adverse effects. Indeed, other factors such as congestion can be a source of negative externalities (agglomeration

These centrifugal forces are pushing for decentralization of economic activities near the place of residence of the workforce. The diseconomies of agglomeration is a disadvantage for densely developed regions because they slow their growth. However, they are a benefit for the poor regions. Indeed, when the diseconomies of agglomeration outweigh the benefit of the latter, companies are abandoning densely developed regions towards poor and less dense regions. We then witness a catch-up phenomenon where the poor regions are beginning to catch up with the richer regions, the convergence process. It has been widely discussed in the literature. Indeed, starting from the article of Sala-i Martin (1996), many studies have examined the process of convergence between different countries or regions and generally use two measures of convergence .The first, are based on neoclassical growth models (Solow, 1956) and involves a tendency to equalize economies. In other words, there is convergence when an economy "poor" tends to grow faster than "rich" economy (Sala-i Martin, 1996). This convergence may be absolute (unconditional) or conditional. It is absolute when it is independent of the initial conditions and it is conditional when the determinants of the steady states vary from one economy to another and that they converge to the same