Agriculture And Agriculture In Haryana

Haryana became an independent state on 1st of November 1966. The total population of the state is 2.53 crore with a sex ratio of 877 according to census of India, 20118. The total geographical area of the state is 4.4 million hectares where around 80 percent under cultivation. The cropping intensity of the state is around 184 percent with more than 80 percent of area covered under irrigation facility9. Since 1966 Haryana became one of the most developed states in India where around 51 percent people directly get their employment through agricultural activity. The per capita income of Haryana has increased from Rs. 37972 in 2004-05 to Rs. 133427 in 2013-14.

3.1.2 Geographical Location

The geographical location of Haryana makes it one of the

But the process of agriculture intensification of wheat and rice base gradually become the cause for decline in productivity and overexploitation of the natural resources like soil fertility and problems of water recharge. Further the sustainability of agricultural system has become one of the emerging issues. However, with the growing urbanization and rising per capita income the demand for HVCs has been rising up in the recent past which promotes the production of HVCs crop. In case of Haryana diversification of cropping pattern is assumed as to avoid overexploitation of resources rather than a demand driven phenomenon. Since 1990s farmers in Haryana have started growing horticultural crops for harvesting more benefit. The climatic condition of the State is very ideal for the production of high value commodities like guar and horticultural crops. Besides, there is great potential for poultry and inland fishing. The state has a great potential for the production of varying nature of fruits and vegetables, spices, and different variety of medicinal and aromatic plants.

3.1.5.1 Area Expansion under Horticultural crops The trends of horticultural development in Haryana can be observed in term of the expansion of area under horticultural crops like fruits and vegetables. Moreover, with the expansion of area, the production level has also increased.

At that time the horticultural crops occupied just 0.42 percent (19170 hectares) of the total cropped area of the state. But later with the introduction of green revolution in Haryana, the state achieved the stage of being self sufficient in terms of food and fodder crops and also it becomes the second highest supplier to the national food basket. After 1990s with the liberalized nature of markets and growing urbanization really promotes the production of HVCs crops which directly lead to a major shift in the area under these group of commodities. Moreover, with the introduction of state horticulture mission under the National Horticulture Mission also help in the expansion of area and production of the HVCs crops. Now the area has been increased from 0.42 percent (19170 hectares) in 1966-67 to 6.4 percent (415930 hectares) in 201011. The data pertaining to area expansion under horticultural crops is showing that the farmers of Haryana gradually shifting some portion of their land towards the production of high value commodities crops so that they can get more benefits. However, still farmers rely more on the production of food grains crops because of more security in term of price they are getting as compared to the production of horticultural crops where there is high market