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Al Ghazali Political Theory

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Said to be one of the most influential Muslim thinkers, Imam Al-Ghazali is placed at the centre of the realm of philosophy and Sufism. Born in Persia-now Iran-in 1058, Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (more commonly known as al-Ghazali) has been instrumental in influencing Islamic political thought and philosophy through his extensive work on the matter.
The relation of the Caliphate to the Sharia’h is a difficult one to define, in contrast with that of the ulema (Binder, 1955). While a prominent figure of authority until the last centuries of the Abbasid Caliphate, the role of the Caliph had began to steadily decline towards the 10th century, and there was discourse regarding who could be considered to be the most accurate representation …show more content…

The Abbasid Caliphate, for instance, was headed towards its decline. It had lost all of its political influence and was only a religious and spiritual office, under the control of the Seljuk Sultans, who had become the most powerful military, if not political, force. The entrance of the Turkic forces into the Abbasid Empire had resulted in ethnic tensions within Baghdad, which had been the traditional capital of the empire since 762 CE, as well as the regions surrounding it. With their entrance into the Middle East, the Seljuks brought with them a new form of kingship based on the idea that a particular family was singled by God to rule over not just the Turkic tribes, but also the lands beyond their traditional region. According to this form of rule, the Caliph was not seen as the sole ruler who ascends the throne, but rather as part of a single family who shared the sovereignty and had the right to have a say in how to administer the empire. Through this concept of shared power, the Seljuks were able to have authority in various domains by having members of the same family govern specific regions, thus creating not just a feeling of brotherhood and unity, but also ascertaining the sphere of influence remains under the control of their tribe. Moreover, unlike as was the case in the Abbasid Empire, this form of leadership did not go automatically to the first-born son, but rather to the eldest member of the family. This strengthened the loyalty towards the Sultan, not just within the family but also by elites and the upper

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