ALICE WALKER: THE HARBINGER OF BLACK WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY OF AFRICA AND AMERICA Kasukurhi Srinivasa Rao1*, Prof. Kolakaluri Suma Kiran2 1*(Lecturer in English, SVKP College – Markapur) 2(Professor, Department of English, S.V.University – Tirupati.) ABSTRACT The black women of Africa like those of India have been facing a hard time. Their humanity and rights have been denied by the power of patriarchy. With the emergence of Flora Nwapa’s Efuru revolutionary changes occurred in African feministic fiction. The novel Efuru echoed strongly the thoughts of black women and their rights. After Flora Nwapa, Alice Walker broke the confines of established American and African literary structures she approached Womanism which means Black Feminism to her literature. With her own coined literary term, womanism she disclosed through her novels how black women’s human rights have been violated by patriarchal community. Through her heroines like Celie, Tashi, and other heroines shown to the world how black women moved from victimhood to self realization and agitated against the sexual, racial and class oppression of the male dominated society of Africa and America. Keywords: Black Women, Womanism, Oppression, Male Dominated Society. …show more content…
This epistolary novel by central protagonists Celie and her sister Nettie honestly describes the damaging effects of male domination upon Celie’s spirit and her eventual redemption through the love of her husband’s mistress Shug Avery. The novel broke the silence surrounding such taboo subjects as incest and lesbianism. It explored the theme of sexual oppression of black women by black men and situated its sincere treatment of sexism within the black community and also white racial oppression of blacks both in Africa and
Not only was Madame Walker a great entrepreneur, she was also part of many political contributions. “She became a strong advocate of Black women’s economic independence and her personal business philosophy stressed economic independence for all women.” We can observe how she used her wealth and her indulging words to make a change in the
One of the most outstanding figures of the Black Feminism, Anna Julia Cooper, fought irresistibly for the black women`s rights. Because of her stance, she was often called “the voice of the South” (Rosser-Mims, 2010). She argued that a black woman “is confronted by both a woman question and a race problem, and is as yet an unknown or an unacknowledged factor in both” (Cooper, 1969). African American women have to struggle with discrimination against their race and, at the same time, they have to fight for recognition in their workplaces where leadership positions are usually occupied by men. Cooper wanted to prove that women can succeed in every spheres of life and should be treated equally with men.
It explains how racism, inequality, and white privelegd has gained the power of over African-Americans as a whole and it is time for an immediate change. This reading is written from an African-American women perspective, it examines the impact of sexism towards a African-American women during slavery. The definition of a women is someone who gets treated with the upmost respect but is less than a man. “That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to
As a College freshman in his second semester, I have learned to deal with the challenges that I have to deal with peaceful, yet exhilarating moment when my mind engages with an author’s thoughts on a page. As John Dewey states “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.” What Dewey insists is from my early days in high school to my first year in college as a freshman, I wanted to know the full concept of English; however, I have now realized this subject would fill in my void of English with noteworthy complexities. This was not the case for most of my second semester in Montgomery College; I always had trouble in various parts of the subject, such as development in thesis statement, sentence writing and reflecting on previous essays. Writing a thesis statement had been one of my down falls in English.
Discrimination and violence were two of the most frequently occurring issues in the lives of black women. They faced discrimination that other women could not understand and as a result did not seek to end. Even more serious was the violent crimes committed
Black feminism originated with Sojourner Truth, an abolitionist and women's rights activist born in Rifton, New York in 1883. Truth pushed for the slavery abolitionist movement and the women's rights movement to include and not limit people no matter their race or gender. As expounded by the Smithsonian, black feminism is an intellectual, artistic, philosophical, and activist practice grounded in black women’s lived experiences. Comparatively, in 1983, Alice Walker, a novelist, and social activist, designed the term “womanist” which would further depict any woman of color and or black woman. Sojourner Truth, Ida B. Wells, Alice Walker, Shirley Chisholm, Kimberle Crenshaw, and Maya Angelou are just some of the astounding, impactful black women who paved the way for black
In the book Ar’n’t I a women the author, Deborah Gray White, explains how the life was for the slave women in the Southern plantations. She reveals to us how the slave women had to deal with difficulties of racism as well as dealing with sexism. Slave women in these plantations assumed roles within the family as well as the community; these roles were completely different to the roles given to a traditional white female. Deborah Gray White shows us how black women had a different experience from the black men and the struggle they had to maintain their sense of womanhood against all odds, resist sexual oppression, and keep their families together. In the book the author describes two different types of women, “Jezebel” and “Mammy” they
She leaves the message that the valuable bond between men and women is possible only through the choice of freedom, desire and respect for each other’s individuality. She also believes the dominance of male is not good for any society. The present paper shows this view of the Alice Walker with a focus on the novel ‘The Color Purple.’ Key words: victimization, male
The book draws on a variety of scholarship across numerous fields, including African American history, women’s history, colonial American history, feminist theory, and cultural studies. As a professor of both Social and Cultural Analysis as well as History, with research interests in the history of the Black Atlantic World, comparative slavery, and gender and sexuality studies, Morgan is clearly quite adept at working with the intersection of such ideas. She also articulates the necessity of employing such a range of fields to fill the surprising gaps and omissions in the current
The article Bloody Terrain: Freedwomen, Sexuality and Violence during Reconstruction was written by Catherine Clinton, who is a teacher in the Afro-American Studies Department at Harvard University. In her article, she addresses the mistreatment of freedwomen during the period of Reconstruction as well the legal injustice inflicted upon them. This article was to inform the reader of these transgressions and represent the full history of the Reconstruction period. Within this article are some of the few memoirs of freedwomen and their mistreatments, revealing the true injustice of this period.
As black women always conform under patriarchal principles, women are generally silenced and deprived of rights because men are entitled to control everything. Women are silenced in a way that they lose their confidence and hesitate to speak up due to the norms present in the society they live in. Hence, even if women have the confidence to try to speak, men wouldn’t bother to listen since men ought to believe that they are superior to women. In addition to that, women often live in a life cycle of repetitions due to patriarchal principles since women are established to fulfill the roles the society had given them. It is evidenced by Celie as she struggles to survive and to define oneself apart from the controlling, manipulative, and abusive men in her life.
To be specific, she situates the imminent feminist struggle by highlighting the legacy of slavery among black people, and black women in particular. “Black women bore the terrible burden of equality in oppression” (Davis). Due to her race, her writing focuses on what she understood and ideas that are relevant to black females. Conversely, since white men used black women in domestic labor and forcefully rape these individuals. These men used this powerful weapon to remind black women of their female and vulnerability.
Black women are treated less than because of their ascribed traits, their gender and race, and are often dehumanized and belittled throughout the movie. They are treated like slaves and are seen as easily disposable. There are several moments throughout the film that show the racial, gender, and class inequalities. These moments also show exploitation and opportunity hoarding. The Help also explains historical context of the inequality that occurred during that time period.
Dee approaches culture by decontextualising it, while Maggie and Mama relate to it with a kind of ‘organic criticality’. The former stance is mere rhetoric and the later one is womanist. In one of her interviews, Alice Walker identifies three cycles of Black Woman she would explore in her woman’s writing: 1.
Walker exposes the patriarchy that condones male domination of women. The novel is about the trials and tribulations faced by a black woman under colonialism and black male oppression and her journey to attain knowledge, identity and freedom. Walker’s womanism stems from her mixed ancestry-