Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome

Next, the test tubes were carefully cleaned with soap and water. Then five millilitres of sample “A” was placed in the test tube labeled “A”. This was then repeated with the next three samples. Then a few drops of each sample were placed on glucose/ketone paper. Each piece of glucose/ketone paper (with the sample on top) was compared to the label on the glucose paper bottle.

If the pituitary is so important, and if Eric is not getting replacements of hormones the pituitary makes (except for ADH), why isn’t he dead? Eric is not dead because although binding of a hormone to a receptor is important it is also dependent on the number of receptors available for the hormone to bind to on the target cell. If there are still messages being received by the target cell than the hormones are still able to bind to a receptor (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013,

1.1 Abstract The purpose of quantitative analysis of protein using a spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of proteins in a given sample. The experiment is conducted by laboratory method (Biuret Test) and using spectrophotometer to analyze the absorbance of reactants at 540 nm, hence determining the concentration of the proteins in a given sample. The purpose of stopped enzyme assay to study B-galactosidase is to determine the effect of temperature and concentrations of substrate on enzyme activity.

The adrenal cortex is responsible for secreting corticosteroids and hormones such as: • Cortisol enables the control the body 's use of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates as well as suppresses inflammatory reactions in the body • Aldosterone which regulates the level of sodium and potassium in the body and helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure. Aldosterone is regulated by complex feedback mechanisms involving sodium and potassium levels as well as blood volume. • Androgenic steroids which are hormones that are converted elsewhere in the body to female hormones (estrogens) and male hormones (androgens) The adrenal medulla is responsible for helping the body cope with emotional and physical stress and secretes hormones such as: • Epinephrine which helps the body to respond to a stressful situation by increasing the heart rate and force of heart contractions, facilitating blood flow to the muscles and brain, causing the relaxation of smooth muscles, helping with conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and other activities.

3. I spent my young life struggling with this disease and my symptoms, my grandmother started having symptoms later in life around her 40’s. C. Possible environmental factors are also being studied. 1. For example, researchers have found that consuming too much iodine may inhibit thyroid hormone production in susceptible individuals.

The goal of this experiment is to see the anti-cow antibody bind to cow serum only, and we expect to see the anti-cow antibody bind to the spot that had the cow serum. The system we used is the serum from Cow, Horse, Goat, Sheep, and Donkey, Chicken. In order to able to detect and analyze proteins based on their ability to bind to a specific antibody, the SDS-PAGE and Western Blot was performed. SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a very common technique used to separate proteins by molecular weight under the influence of an applied electrical field and then used to prepare for the Western Blot (#1 Lehninger). It uses a polyacrylamide gel as a support medium and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which is a detergent, to denature

An unbalance in these hormones would cause changes in the function and structure of the gland. In the setting where there isn’t a sufficient amount of Thyroxin synthesized by the gland, there is an increase in TSH production. Over production of TSH causes hyperplasia of the gland just to match normal thyroid levels. This would then cause a goiter to form. When the goiter is grown significantly, pressure is put on the esophagus and trachea, causing respiratory

4. What assessment tools might be useful? Antibody

5. Serology Serology antibodies identifies against malaria parasites, using either indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serology does not detect present infection but rather measures precedent contact. 6. Drug Resistance Tests

For example, a lump of fat on the back of the neck and weight gain in face and neck, but thin arms and legs are the two major characteristics of ACTH tumor. Last but not the least, the TSH tumor, which is thyroid-stimulating hormone tumor will cause weight loss, irregular heartbeat, and shakiness. In contrast, the non functional pituitary tumor has no real symptoms during initial stage, but it will cause symptoms by pressing the surrounding structures while the tumor is growing

While reviewing the risk factors for hyperthyroidism, according to the American Thyroid Association (2017), risk factors include; female between 40-60, recent pregnancy, autoimmune disease like that of type I diabetes, personal history of thyroid complications, diet high in iodine and family history of thyroid disease. The only risk factor that JK has would be the family history of his mother and 2 aunts with hyperthyroidism. With JK’s paternal grandmother suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, JK does voice concern of developing this mind crippling disease. According to the National Institute on Aging (2016), risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease includes being over the age of 65 with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease.

As discussed with Overtraining Syndrome and Adrenal Insufficiency, hormone levels are varying in an abnormal fashion with respect to the adrenal glands. The hypersecretions hyposecretions of adrenal gland hormones, receptor modulation of their respective target cells, and desensitization of corresponding target cell receptors produce a vast array of ill effects on many other parts of the body. For instance, in the early stages of Overtraining Syndrome, hypersecretion of cortisol is observed. Hypersecretion of cortisol, or hypercortisolism, also causes insulin resistance as cortisol is an antagonist to insulin. This can lead to the development of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and obesity.

When chowing down on some delicious cat food, Mr. Kibbles, do to his old age suffered from a stroke. Which ended up having long lasting effects on his overall endocrine system. Although your friend Betty is very happy that Mr. Kibbles survived his stroke, she is still confused on what extent his endocrine system has been compromised. She has called on you, her trusty physiologist best friend to thoroughly explain exactly what is going on within Mr. Kibbles. Although the vet did give a basic outline of what is wrong with Mr. Kibbles, he did not use specifics.

INTRODUCTION The pituitary gland is a central endocrine organ that regulates basic physiological functions incuding growth, reproduction and metabolic homeostasis. It situates at the base of the brain, under the optic chiasm, inside a depression on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone, the sella turcica1 (Fig.1). Fig. 1

The reactions involving such kind of antigen and antibody interaction are known as agglutination reactions. This type of reaction occurs at the surface of erythrocytes, bacterial cells or animal cells at which the antigens are present [1].The results of these reactions are clearly observable since they form large sedimented particles in form of visible clumps. Formation of clumps is due to antigen and antibody complex formation. The ease of its performance and identifiable results make it viable for large clinical importance. Its most important clinical application involves the detection of bacterial infection.