Ninhydrin Test Report

We used a Buchner funnel to collect benzocaine. We used three 10 ml of water to wash the product. After the product was dry, we weighed, calculate the percent yield and determined the melting point of the product.

Apparatus- Chromatography column: C18 (10 microns particle size), with Guard column Flow rate: 1.2ml/min Pressure: 30-40kgf Wavelength: 326nm Mobile phase: methanol : water (95:5 v/v) Internal standard: retinyl acetate Injection volume: 20µl Procedure for Retinol extraction from serum samples- 1) 100 µl of serum sample and 100 µl of Retinyl acetate were added into 12 X 100mm glass test tubes. Vortex-mixed for 30 seconds. Then, kept them at 4 C for 5 mins. 2) 1mL of hexane was added and vortex-mixed intermittently for 60 sec.

The sequence of the termination signal is followed by a series of Adenines which transcribes to a poly-Uracil tail on RNA. (1) Stem Loop Structure The stem loop hairpin structure is typically 7 to 20 base pairs long and is rich in Guanine-Cytosine bonding. These base pairs are connected by three hydrogen bonds giving strength and stability to the RNA duplex. (4)

In 10 g dried sediment sample added 7 ml 0.2 M NH4Cl solution. A mixture of 100 ml hexane: acetone (1:1) was used as a solvent to extract pesticides with overnight shaking for 12 h on reciprocal or wrist action shaker at 180 rpm. The extract was carefully decanted through activated florisil column (2-3 cm), giving twice wash with25 ml hexane: acetone (1:1) to the sediments. The elute was then washed with 200 ml water and then again aqueous layer was extracted with 50 ml hexane. Finally the hexane layer was washed with 100 ml water and then evaporated to dryness with a vacuum rotary evaporator.

The incubation mixture contained 2.5 ml of 1.2% (w/v) fibrin, 2.5 ml of 100 mM Tris–HCl buffer, 10 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.8), and 20 µg of enzyme. The incubation was carried out at 37°C for 30 min, and the reaction was stopped by adding 5 ml of 110 mM trichloroacetic acid containing 220 mM sodium acetate and 330 mM acetic acid. This reaction mixture was centrifuged at 3,000×g for 5 min, and the absorbance of the trichloroacetic acid (50 mM) soluble product was determined at 275 nm. One unit of fibrinolytic enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to liberate 1 µg of L-tyrosine per minute at 37°C. The total protein determination was performed as described by Lowry et al.

Before placing powders into the aspirator, the jar was washed properly with acetone and then dried. 800ml of solvent i.e. methanol was added gradually. The container with its content was sealed & kept for 20 days with occasional shaking & stirring. The major portion of the extractable compounds of the plant materials were dissolved in the solvent. Then whole mixture was filtered through cotton wool and the filtrate was concentrated by evaporation in dry & clean air.

2- Get any one of these alcohols (1-propanol, 3-methyl-1- butanol, benzyl alcohol, or 1-octanol) in a small dry test tube . 3- Put the large tube in an ice bath and start to add alcohol by an increasing rate .

While, 5µl of purified PCR product, 2µl buffer R, 1µl BamHI, 1µl HindIII and 11µl distilled water were added into SOD gene tube. Next, 1 µl of 0.2mg/ml RNase was put inside both tubes and spinned by using microcentrifuge for a few seconds. Those tubes were then placed into 37ºC water bath and incubated for 2 hours. The tubes were deactivated by heat at 65ºC for 10 minutes and stored in -20ºC. Results Measurement of DNA concentration Equipment Optical

INTRODUCTION: Arginase is an enzyme- enzymes are biological catalyst which drives a reaction at the speed of life. Arginase is a hydrolase, hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, this is determined via the E.C number (Nelson and Cox 2008). Arginase has the EC number is 3.5.3.1 (Schomburg 2015). The enzyme ‘commission number’ is the arithmetical classification that is used for enzymes which indicates the chemical reaction they catalyze.

 Dissolve the salt in 60 ml of tap water. Add 30 ml 6 M Hcl and stir the mixture with a glass rod.  Add 12 g solid Nacl to the solution and stir the mixture for about 2 minutes.  Support a 250 ml separatory funnel on a ring, making sure that the stopcock is closed and that a clean beaker is placed beneath the exit tube. Transfer the aqueous solution from the beaker to the separatory funnel.

1. 150 ml of boiled water was poured into each of the three beakers labeled A, B, C. 2. Five tea bags were soaked for the time given by the manufacturer (two minutes) , in beaker A (Control). The teabags were immediately removed after the time elapsed. 3.

The silver ion TLC was prepared through the following procedure: Silver nitrate was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. This aqueous solution of silver nitrate was absolutely mixed with 9 g of silica gel (10 ~ 40 μm particles). Then, a 10 × 5 cm TLC plate was coated with the above slurry and activated for 1 h at 90 °C before use. They were immediately transferred into a desiccator in dark for storage after cooling. 32 100 μL of afore-prepared sample solution and the mixed reference standard were diluted 100 times with ethyl acetate.