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Alpinia Calcarata Case Study

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Alpinia galanga Willd. (greater galangal) and Alpinia calcarata Rosc. (lesser galangal) are the important species of genus Alpinia belonging to Zingiberaceae family and found in parts of India and throughout Southeast Asia. The rhizomes have been used as flavours in native dishes and ingredients in many traditional medicines to treat various ailments such as rheumatism, headache, sore throat, chest pain, skin diseases and stomach disorders. Germplasm of A. galanga and A. calcarata collected from different parts of South India was studied for essential oil content and composition. The essential oil content was found comparatively higher in A. calcarata (0.29-0.96%) as compared to A. galanga (0.21-0.41%). Chemical profiles of volatile oils of …show more content…

Oxygenated monoterpenoids were identified as the major constituents commonly distributed in both the oils. 1,8-cineole was found as the major component present in both the species, which was much higher in A. galanga (47.5-67.3% ) as compared to A. calcarata (13.0-30.2%). These two species differed in composition as A. calcarata contained substantially high content of -fenchyl acetate (26.3-38.7%), camphor (3.3-4.7%), camphene (0.7-6.6%), α-terpineol (4.8-8.0%), borneol (3.4-5.0%) and (E)-methyl cinnamate (2.1-6.0%). A. galanga oil was found to contain -pinene (0.7- 3.7%), -terpineol (1.0- 2.7%), chavicol (0.2-0.7%), methyl eugenol(0.7-1.2%), ß-farnesene (7.0-14.6%), eugenol (0.8-2.6%) and ß-sesquiphellandrene(2.4-10.8%). Compounds chavicol, ß-farnesene, eugenol and ß-sesquiphellandrene were present only in A. galanga oil. Compound 1,8-Cineole is an important aroma chemical used widely in pharmaceutical preparations due to its expectorant, antiseptic and anesthetic …show more content…

galanga has been reported by many researchers from several countries [4-9]. There are reports of compositional differences in A. galanga oil from different locations, suggesting the existence of chemotypes in this species [4, 5, 8, 11, 12]. The oil from Indonesia was made up predominantly of monoterpenoids with pinenes (18.6%) and 1,8-cineole (47.3%); while the Malaysian oil was characterized by sesquiterpenoids with (E)--farnesene (18.2%) and -bisabolene (16.2%) as the major components[4, 11]. The essential oil composition of A. calcarata has also been characterized by presence of wide range of volatile compounds from different origins [14-19]. Chemical diversity in the oil composition of four species of Alpinia viz; A. galanga, A. allughas, A. speciosa and A. calcarata grown in northern India reported and chemotaxonomic markers were identified

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