Amartya Sen: The Concept Of Social Exclusion
The term, ‘Social Exclusion’, being of a recent origin has been attributed by Amartya Sen to the French policy maker Rene` Lenoir who used it in the mid seventies to describe a tenth of the French Population that comprised of “mentally and physically handicapped, suicidal people, aged invalids, abused children, substance abusers, delinquents, social parents, multi-problem households, marginal, asocial persons, and other social misfits”. Silver further broadened the roll by bringing under the ambit of socially excluded those who would be deprived of a livelihood, secure, permanent employment, earning, property, credit, or land, housing, minimal or prevailing consumption levels, education, skills, and cultural capital, welfare state, citizenship …show more content…
It emphasizes more on dynamics, that is, a steady rupturing of social relations through exposure to mounting disadvantage. The concept has concern with relative position in society, rather than absolute deprivation. Understanding social exclusion involves the attribution of responsibility –whether individual or institutional –for exclusionary processes that go beyond the individual. Social exclusion also takes into account relational issues, which show fracture in social relationships as seen in inadequate social …show more content…
According to Sen, social exclusion addresses two central issues- one that of epistemology, that is, how to gain a meaningful understanding of the diverse phenomena of deprivation and poverty and the other being policy implications of that understanding to devise ways and means to improve policy making. Hence, Sen discusses the concept of social exclusion by situating it in the broader context of poverty as capability deprivation. Classically, poverty has been seen in terms of paucity of income that determines the standard of living in significant ways. However for Sen, poverty is not so much the shortage of income as it the exclusion of the poor from participation in and access to opportunities and activities which is a major non tangible facet of poverty that needs to be accounted
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