Base on the type of service that was provided to the patient and the concept of the establishment of the healthcare practice guidelines, the evidence-based practice that was identified was the level I which is the evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT). The level I RCTs, which is the meta-analysis level and sometime called the hierarchy of evidence of all relevant, are assigned to studies based on the methodological quality of their design, validity, and applicability to patient care which According to the Medical News Today (2014) stated that the randomized controlled trials in the use of clinical intervention and the procedures are the gold standard of scientific testing and in a research study. The purpose of the RCT it is to support
In the study done by Drossel, Fisher, & Mercer (2011), a Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills training manual (DBT Skills) was used for caregivers of patients with dementia, mainly in community clinical settings. This was designed because of the lack of effective therapy options currently in healthcare for elderly abuse. Researchers studied the DBT Skills training manual to examine if its effect would not only help at-risk caregivers to decrease the harm towards elderly patients with dementia, but also improve quality of life for the patients. There were 24 caregivers (19 women and five men) and most were family members. The DBT Skills training entailed one introductory meeting and eight weekly sessions.
Research to date, however, casts doubt on the validity of
We separated potential studies for full-text reading. A third review author (ET) resolved any disagreements. We described the reasons for including and excluding trials. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment Two review authors (AJG, HR) independently extracted data from the included studies using a standard data extraction form.
The text book, The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy by Irvin D. Yalom with Molyn Leszcz begins with the preface of the fifth edition. In the preface, Irvin D. Yalom introduced Molyn Leszcz as his collaborator and how they met at Stanford University in 1980. He then discussed how they both worked hard collaboratively to combine old and new material to make this edition. Their goals for this edition were to prepare student therapists for the present-day workplace and to keep the current methods from decaying, so that students can gather wisdom and techniques of the field when they get the opportunity to utilize those methods as therapists. Yalom briefly talked about what each chapter in the text would discuss.
The FT provides primary care psychotherapeutic interventions in nine services across a varied range of settings, as a mixture of six IAPT services and three Primary Care Mental Health Services. The latter is not considered fully-fledged IAPT services, although they incorporate many of the same underlying principles of the IAPT programme, such as offering NICE-approved therapies to people with CMHPs. All responses and analyses are set in a context using statistical data that is in the public domain and collected by various bodies. The use of this data situates participant experience and allows for an additional comparison in light of the responses obtained. All IAPT services are set a 15% access rate and 50% recovery rate target that was set for March 2015 but has since been extended by a year (IAPT, 2012; NHS Constitution, 2014).
Throughout my undergraduate career, I have learned more and more about the field of psychology. I have been able to interact with the field from cognitive, clinical, social, biological, and developmental perspectives, and have quickly realized that my passion lies with clinical science. I am especially interested in investigating the effectiveness of various types of psychotherapy, as well as how this varies for different mental illnesses. For example, are some forms of therapy better for depression than for other illnesses? Perhaps there are some therapies that are actually worse for certain illnesses.
Many times researchers doing reviews end up with a chronological catalog of all of the relevant sources reviewed instead of an evaluation that integrates previous research together explaining how it integrates into the proposed research program (Wang et al., 2015). Poor literature review fails to capture all sides of an argument and tends to be bias, avoiding to critically mention areas of agreement and disagreement (Shipman, 2014). Such a review is merely a collection of quotes and paraphrasing from other sources (Willig, 2013). Sadly enough most researchers undertaking psychological research are not skilled in doing a quality
validity l will use CASP (Crucial Appraisal Skills Programme) tool to capture all the relevant themes, it will help me to appraise research broadly in terms of rigour, credibility and understand its relevance to clinical practice (Lisa Hopp and Leslie Rittenmeyer 2012). The advantage of content analysis of secondary data is that it saves time and resources as the data is already available l am able to analyse large amounts of data and Government surveys like for example the National Office of Statistics on ethnicity and health without having to pay for them (Paul Taylor et al 2005). The other advantage is that data is already available and can be revisited in case we needed to clarify a few things (Paul Taylor et al 2005).
The Psychoanalysis therapy is a clinical method by psychological means for treating psychopathology, problems of an emotional nature, which was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), based on the characteristic of human behaviors. Freudian psychoanalysis is predicated on the assumption that everyone has a conscious and an unconscious mind. Our unconscious mind is where we keep feelings and memories too painful to be address consciously, which causes us to develop psychological defenses to prevent these unconscious feelings from spilling over into the conscious mind. Psychoanalysis therapy forces patients to delve into these unconscious feelings through investigating the interaction of the elements in the conscious and unconscious of the mind,
This 1980 film portrays the accidental death of the older son of an affluent family, that deeply strains the relationships between a bitter mother, good-natured father, and the guilt ridden younger son (IMDb, 1990). It is crucial to acknowledge the behaviors within the family after this traumatic event occurs. The younger son, Conrad, shows his progress throughout the therapeutic process, while his mother copes by deeply burying her feelings. Conrad lives under a cloud of guilt after his brother drowns, and cannot shake the belief that he should have died instead of his brother (Rotten Tomatoes). This film demonstrates multiple DSM-5 diagnoses in Conrad as well.
Many theories of group counselling have borrowed ideas and approaches from psychoanalysis. The primary aim of the analytic process is reorganize the client’s personality and character structure. This aim is attained by making unconscious conflicts conscious and analysing them. Wolf (1963, 1975) developed group applications of fundamental psychoanalytic approaches such as working with transference, free association, dreams, and the historical factors of existing behaviour. The group leader relates understanding to the family-like relations that emerge among the members and between the members and the therapist.
Psychotherapy can be defined as "talk therapy; a treatment approach in which a client works with a mental health professional to reduce psychological symptoms and improve quality of life" (Licht, Hull, Ballatyne G-10). Group therapy, such as couples therapy, is the route I would investigate, if I were to enter psychotherapy. Individual psychotherapy is much different than working in a group setting. Within couples therapy, a psychologist will focus on communication between the two persons involved, attempting to bring insight to what is going on between the couple, instead of what is just going on inside of one particular person. I know that there are always two sides to every story, so if I were only dealing with one individual, I know that
INTRODUCTION. A set of assumptions or rules on which the practice of an activity is based on is called a theory. It is also a fundamental or a basis used to account for a situation. There are several theories used in counseling practice.
We have learned that data should be handle with care and we need to learn how the data were collected and analyzed before giving credit to the findings claimed based on them. This aligns exactly with what the author is talking about when he says that most of the research findings are false. We also learned that correlation does not always means causation and once again, we find it expressed in this article since most of those research that prove to be false have established a correlation between two parameters even though there is no causation. We have talked about bias and how they affect statistics; this article not only point out the impact of bias of research findings, but also gives a number of reasons leading researchers to introduce, sometimes voluntarily biases in their work. The author talked about statistical significance in which the only criteria was the p-value and this remembered me of the article on “p-hacking” that was part of our readings and it made more sense to
