American Nurse General Principle Of Ethics In Nursing

ETHICS CRITIQUE

Introduction

In general, every research that involves human subject can potentially cause harm or discomfort to the participant (Grace, 2014). This issue might happen to the Mt. Keluds’ local/indigenous people as well. Therefore, before starting the data collection, firstly the researcher must address the implication of legal ethics in the study. Legal ethics in research is norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable or unacceptable behaviour (Resnik, 2011). It also can be referred as moral philosophy that concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong (Pozgar, 2010). This legal ethics consideration is needed to protect the human rights of the participants (Coup & Schneider, 2007). The American Nurse

Pozgar (2010) mentioned that the principle of ethics are 4; autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. While Grace (2014) mentioned that the ethical principle consist of autonomy, vulnerability, altruism, beneficence, and justice. Porter and Rai (2009) concluded that there are only four widely accepted general principle of ethics, namely autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence.

The aspect of autonomy refers to the right of an individual to make one’s own decision including to decide whether they want to get involve or not in a particular research activity (Pozgar, 2010). The aspect of justice in health research implies the equality of the treatment to all the participant (Porter & Rai, 2009). It shares equal benefit and risk to all participant, It also demand an equitable selection of the participant (Porter & Rai, 2009). The aspect of beneficence and non-maleficence in this context means an obligation of the researcher to maximize the benefit and goodness to the participant while at the same time minimizing the risk and harm (Porter & Rai, 2009). The aspect of anonymity and confidentiality refer to the right of the participant to have their identity to be concealed (Coup & Schneider,