1-Deaminase Research Paper

The Importance of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate-Deaminase-Producing Bacteria and their prospective uses against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Peat Soil Agriculture

Corresponding Authors: Sobia Saleem , Maria Iqbal

E.mail: [e-mail]

Abstract

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are known as beneficial bacteria for plant growth and yield. One PGPRs group are the ACC-deaminase positive bacteria which degrade the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate is an enzyme produced by some soil bacteria to reduce ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants by degrading the ACC. ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-corboxylic acid) is the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants. Increased

1994) produced by soil microorganisms. It degrades cyclopropanoid amino ACC (the immediate precursor of the plant growth regulator ethylene) to form ammonia and α-ketobutyrate. After the first finding of ACC deaminase from Pseudomonas sp. strain ACP (Honma and Shimomura 1978), various pioneering research work conducted, such as in Jacobson et al. (1994), Glick (1995) and Penrose et al. (2001), have successfully explained the biochemical properties of this enzyme and its functional roles in controlling ethylene production in higher plants. In general, the plant hormone ethylene plays important different roles in the growth of plants, such as root initiation and fruit ripening (Burg and Burg 1962; Arshad and Frankenberger 1991; Kende 1993). As a stress hormone, ethylene is involved in various stress responses induced by biotic (pathogenic attack) and abiotic (environmental) factors. Its biosynthesis starts with the S-adenosylation of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) followed by the closing of a cyclopropane ring to form ACC. The ACC is then oxidatively cleaved to form ethylene. The antagonistic function of ethylene with IAA prevents the overgrowth of plants. IAA promotes rooting, but rooting is opposed by ethylene generated by IAA; thus, the promotion effects of IAA on root development can be set off by the bring out effect of ethylene (Burg 1968; Chadwick and Burg 1970; Arshad and Frankenberger 1991). The importance of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on plant growth is to control ethylene biosynthesis in plant tissues which is activated by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. Inoculation of plant with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria can reduce the inhibition effects of ethylene, and so ultimately increase plant