Ammonium nitrate (AN) is widely known to be an important fertilizer. Increasing consumer requirements have triggered the production of AN as well as the modification of various properties of this compound. However, AN is inexpensive, and its explosive decomposition can be easily induced; hence, there is increased concern regarding the possible misuse of this compound in preparing explosives for antisocial activities. For this reason, the governments of many countries have imposed strict limitations on the industrial-scale production and use of AN, because of which consumer demands for fertilizers are not met. This in turn has led to increased cost of AN-based fertilizers and restricted use of such fertilizers in agricultural fields. Several formulations and processes aimed at suppressing the detonation probability of AN have been proposed by researchers. Although various chemical …show more content…
attempted to prevent the detonation by adding nanometer-sized aluminum powder to AN solution [17]. Ostmark et al. investigated the detonation properties of a mixture of ammonium dinitramide and AN [18]. A similar patented similar study was performed by Mueller et al. [19]. Fleming reported a patented study on the detonation properties of AN mixtures stabilized with binders; plasticizers such as trimethylolethane trinitrate; or dessicants, and successfully reduced the explosion risk of AN [20]. For producing explosives with low detonation velocity, Mousavi et al. devised a process based on the Williamsburg equation of state [21]. Boyars et al. [22] showed that the risk of accidental detonation of large masses of commercial AN during handling and storage under normal climatic conditions can be reduced by replacing some of the AN with a solid solution of potassium nitrate (0-50 wt%). Kimura et al. [23] successfully improved the combustion properties of AN, which have a marked effect on the heat of detonation, by adding the necessary proportion of potassium
In a Beacon School, located in NYC, two-tenth - graders were seriously injured, leaving a boy with critical burns and another student with fewer server burns from her neck, head, and arm. Anna Peole, chemistry teacher was showing a “demonstration of rainbow flames” which will result burning of 4 different kinds of nitrates in separate crucibles in the classroom. However, the unstable amount of methyl alcohol hazes around the chemistry lab and explodes across the lab table surrounding Alonzo Yanes, a sophomore at the Beacon School. Alonzo Yanes was standing a few feet away from the lab table, where the crucibles were.
In New York Times article “First Atomic Bomb Dropped on Japan,” written by Sidney Shalett announces America dropped the first made atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan. This news has brought the world to chaos by the weapon that the United States invented to bring destruction to another country. This weapon of the United States called an atomic bomb, has wiped out everything in Hiroshima to nothing. The author of this article, Shalett, captures the effective of the bomb as “an immense steel tower has been “vaporized” by the tremendous explosion.” When the author uses the word “vaporized” to describe the power that atomic bomb hold, this word tell atomic bomb can make think to disperse by the time it went explode.
Have you ever wondered what happens when a gun fires? I have been hunting for almost all my life and I have started to wonder about this. For my science fair project I 'm going to find the reaction of explosions. I also find this interesting because I want to make guns someday. I believe that understanding the Chemistry and Physics of explosions may help me to find the answer to my question.
Paul Boyer, the author of By the Bomb’s Early Light, has an unusually high level of expertise on the subject of atomic bombs. He is an American biochemist, analytical chemist, and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is at the top of his field, and is a perfect candidate to write this book. Not only will he be an expert in the science of atomic bombs, but he will know the history of this kind of technology. Paul Boyer’s main idea in this book is more of a discussion of Nuclear Policy and a look back at the nuclear age.
If the experiment was completed again, more higher concentrations could be applied to the seeds to see if the data is further supported. Either way the more trials the better and more accurate results, this applies to any experiment. Practical applications of the principles of this investigation may be using the correct concentration for a specific plant or seed. This lab shows that it is necessary to follow the directions and specifications when using the fertilizer miracle
In this zone, in light of the high temperature, almost the majority of the matter present is vaporized to shape a gas at to a great degree high weight. A sudden overpressure, i.e., a weight far in overabundance of climatic weight, proliferates far from the focal point of the blast as a stun wave, diminishing in quality as it ventures. It is this wave, containing the majority of the vitality discharged, that is in charge of the significant part of the dangerous mechanical impacts of an atomic blast. The subtle elements of stun wave engendering and its impacts change contingent upon whether the burst is noticeable all around, submerged, or
Gunpowder is made up of saltpeter- a common name for the oxidizing agent potassium nitrate- sulfur and charcoal (Heather Whipps, 2008). When the Chinese scientists first mixed the ingredients together it resulted in smoke and flames, causing their hands and faces to burn (Heather Whipps, 2008). One of the first
Water Pollution in San Joaquin Valley San Joaquin Valley is a place that stretches from 7 different counties such as Stanislaus to Kern county. San Joaquin Valley is known for their agriculture land since the late 19th century, which feeds most of the United States with the vegetables and fruits that are grown in the valley. The rich life of life in agricultural fields rely on the water supply that the valley contains such as groundwater and water on shore. Throughout the past decades, the water quality in San Joaquin Valley becomes to decrease from clean water to polluted water.
The three essays assigned this week had several common threads running through them. The strongest core theme is the rapid change in the food cycle in America and the vast changes that have taken place in the way by which we grow, produce, and process the food that average Americans eat. The food we eat now is drastically different from what our grandparents grew up eating and the three essays each examine that in a different way. Another theme is the loss of knowledge by the average consumer about where their food comes from, what it is composed of, and what, if any, danger it might pose to them. “Monsanto’s Harvest of Fear” by Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele is a harsh look at the realities of food production in a country where large corporations, like Monsanto, have been allowed to exploit laws and loopholes to bend farmers and consumers to their
Intro/Thesis: The news we hear today about nuclear weapons, ranging from the Iran Nuclear Deal to the North Korean bomb tests all stem from the secret project led by the United States during World War 2. The Manhattan Project, which started in 1942 lasting until 1946, saw the creation of two atomic bombs which would explode in Japan, ending World War 2 but more importantly changing the world forever (“Manhattan Project”). As the death tolls continued to climb upwards during the World War 2, so did the significance and urgency of the project. Since the day when the bomb ‘Little Boy’ and ‘Fat Man’ fell towards Japan, the end it put on World War 2, the destruction it wreaked, the role it has in international politics, and its contribution to science
Chemical compounds that are available to determine are CaCO3, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, mgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, HCl, HC2H3O2, KNO3, K2SO4, NaC2H3O2, Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, K2CO3, 0.1 M AgNO3, 0.2 M BaCl, Mg(s), NaOH, and KOH. To start this experiment, start with the flame test by gathering a Bunsen burner and a Nichrome wire. Connect the Bunsen burner with a rubber tube to a laboratory gas. To prepare solutions for the flame test, weigh out 0.205 gram of Unknown Compound using an analytical balance and mixed it into a 140 mL beaker filled with 20 mL ionized water. Ensure that solid is completely dissolved using a stirring rod.
Derek Rotz MBA-502-61/03 3/2/18 In the case of Ace Fertilizer Company, Assistant Director of Manufacturing , Abby Conroy is faced with an ethical issue that was presented to her by boss George Smilee who is the Director of Manufacturing. Ace Fertilizer’s business is to produce lawn & gardening fertilizer, and the company is known for delivering the highest quality special order products. The fact that they can deliver on time with top quality is what helps to drive their business. They use a consistent mark up on special orders at an 80% mark up over the cost of the orders.
An act of attacking with a Chemicl agent is typically from an aerosal type or disseminating the agent into other avenues of contact. However, for this particular scenario, a Chemical-Biological Agent will be used in the rare form of being part of an explosive. The particular chemical agent in reference will be petroleum-contaminated water.
1. The Bomb Calorimeter: For combustion reactions, we regularly encase all reactants in a dangerous confirmation steel holder, called the bomb whose volume does not change amid a reaction. The bomb is then submerged in water or other fluid that absorbs the heat of reaction. The heat capacitor of the bomb in addition to different things is then measured using the same method as different calorimeters.
Fertilizers remove the nutrients of the soil damaging the soil and the local environment and after being mixed with the soil, gradually reduce the fertility of the soil. In the study of (Southland) using fertilizers consists of substances and chemicals like methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and nitrogen, the emission of which has contributed to a great extent in the quantity of greenhouse gases present in the environment. These facts are alarming and a serious step needs to be taken as soon as possible to avoid more severe consequences. This in turn is leading to global warming and weather changes. The use of fertilizers for growth and cultivation is keeping our stomach filled for now, but then if things keep on progressing the way they are, it won’t take long to see the times where there is lack of food, water, and health.