Amnesia Case Study Psychology
One famous case of amnesia supporting Squire's view is patient H.M. (Scoville & Milner, 1957), who had parts of his left and right temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala and surrounding areas of both removed. He developed severe anterograde amnesia, the inability to learn new information, resulting in an almost completely absent short-term memory storage. He also had moderate retrograde amnesia, unable to remember information between 3 to 11 years prior to his surgery, but with other long-term memories unaffected. Explaining this, Squire argued that memories are consolidated in the hippocampus, easily disrupted by trauma during this. They become less dependent on the hippocampus with time, eventually being stored in the neocortex (Alvarez & …show more content…
Patient N.B. underwent surgery removing areas of her left anterior temporal-lobe to cure epilepsy, sparing the hippocampus, but removing a large area of her perirhinal cortex (Bowles et al, 2007). Her recollection and familiarity were tested using the remember-know procedure, being presented with a word list and asked to state if she recognised the words and if this was based on specific details or familiarity. Her recollection score was higher than average, whereas her familiarity score was lower than average. The remember-know procedure has been criticised for its reliance on an individual report of recollection and familiarity, resulting in variability (Strack & Forster, 1995). Due to this, NB's receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were tested, relying on confidence ratings of old or new items based on recollection and familiarity by stating that they are two individual processes. Results showed her familiarity was still lower than controls, but this may be because she appeared unwilling to give low confidence responses. She also maintained higher confidence responses for recollection. Although these results suggest the hippocampus is necessary for recollection, and perirhinal cortex for familiarity, it is important to consider that other areas likely affected during surgery may also produce similar
Summary Of Some Close Encounters Of A Mental Kind By Stephen Jay Gould
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