Ampicillin Lab Report

An example is sulfomethoxazole [SMX] of the sulfonamide family: some bacteria utilize para-amino benzoic acid[PABA] a start-up product in producing folic acid –containing intermediates for DNA replication, using the enzyme dihydroptorate synthase to produce dihydroptorate. SMX blocks this enzyme, but these days, study has shown some bacteria that totally for-go this PABA pathway, these bacteria are now resistant to SMX because it really has nothing to work on. [2] Enzymatic destruction of antibiotics: some microbes develop antibiotics resistance by producing enzyme to destroy the antibiotics. An example is the beta-lactam antibiotics, namely penicillins, amoxicillin. These antibiotics have this part of their chemistry, the beta-lactam rings, some organisms especially the gram-negatives carry in their periplasm enzymes called beta-lactamses, to destroy any drug with this beta-lactam rings.

Actually after the interaction of 72 hours, both growth of E.coli and S.aureus will be inhibited by Cycloheximide antibiotic. But for our experiment, E.coli shows negative result which means it is resistant toward Cycloheximide and do not producing a clear zone. Maybe the concentration of Cycloheximide is too low when it was plated on the E.coli, thus it cannot be inhibited by the antibiotic. The inbition could not be seen in both fungal species 2 and 3 also and this might be because of there was no fungal colony on the cut agar due to the poor lawn on the agar

The host can be effected by the consumption of contaminated water or food, or having contact with the animals or people. Penicillin, is the first antibiotic that is medically used to fight off a large range of bacterial infection. For this experiment, we will be using ampicillin, it is a part of the penicillin drug group. The ampicillin inhibits the bacteria with the result of killing the bacterium or prevents it from multiplying. “When a bacterium multiplies, small holes open up in their cell walls as the daughter cells divide.

Another way to fight bacteria is to destroy the protein inside the bacteria cells. Antibiotics are effective on toxic

On the subject of this problem, Ed Warren writes: “It would be tempting to blame the pesky bacteria for developing resistance. However, they are just following their own Darwinian destiny by trying to survive. There are several other factors to consider, all to which contribute to the problem: addressing just one and ignoring the rest is unlikely to bring about the desired result” (2016). Using antibiotics rationally and logically is key and supported by most UK medical authorities. Like Levy president of APUDA, Warren is a firm believer that the over-prescription of antibiotics leads to them just floating around in the environment giving them easy access to passing bacterium; this leads to AMR or antimicrobial resistance.

In the absence of proper vaccine, one of the major requirements for control of gonorrheal disease is appropriate and effective treatment. However, options for the treatment of gonorrhea are decreasing as the organism has developed resistance to several antibiotics. Efficacy of standard treatment regimens is established and maintained with the help of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae. AMR surveillance should be done continuously to know the occurrence of new resistant strains, monitor the changes in the patterns of resistance, and to update treatment recommendations so as to assist in disease control. Recent guidelines for treatment of gonorrhea recommends the use of single dose injectable or oral cephalosporins.

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Introduction Until recently, Antibiotics are medicines used to avoid and give bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria alteration in comeback to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. Bacteria could infect humans and animals, and the infections they purpose are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance leads to greater medical costs, long hospital stays, and increased mortality.

It also reduced serum level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, and MCP-1 as well as regulated the recruitment of monocytes and clearance of lymphocytes around the wounded region during healing. Therefore, Epi- may be used in healing of MRSA infected skin wounds wile in combination with collagen.Epi-1 is a potentially complementary treatment for antibiotics. The use of Antimicrobial peptides such as Epi-1 cannot lead to resistance since they have no direct effect on the pathogen. AMP-EPI-1 was first identified in fish species in group Epinephelus coioides. The protein would be best for treatment of high-risk infections as well as accelerate wound healing in combination with Collagen (Huang,

MID also displays the same drawback. Our study, in accordance with other studies has also shown incomplete bacterial elimination with excavation only[20]. Several concepts using antimicrobial agents have been tried to eliminate bacteria underneath the restorations, the predominant one being the use of

Introduction Background Antibiotics are types of medication used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria. They were first discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, where Penicillin was born. Antibiotics are prescribed in the case of bacterial infection only; they are ineffective in the case of viral or any other type of infections. The US National Library of Medicine says that antibiotics can save lives when used properly. The ability to treat various infections has raised life expectancies and living standards.