Ludwig Wittgenstein, an Austrian-British philosopher, once made the statement that “If we spoke a different language, we would perceive a somewhat different world.” If this is true, is it safe to inquire that if we did speak a different language, we could perceive another’s world somewhat incorrectly? Could language be the binding source of culture, or is language the primary enforcer of stereotypes? After pondering on these questions, I developed the idea that language acts as the mediator of understanding, which either binds culture or enforces stereotypes depending on whether or not stereotypes are active between either parties that are interacting. Through language, Individuals tend to incorrectly perceive the world of others in spontaneous …show more content…
On the other hand, when individuals use language to unify meaning, which refers to the spontaneous act of meeting a common ground or understanding between two parties of different cultures, they tend to be aware of stereotypes but do not necessarily believe them. In this essay, I will critically analyze Allison Joseph’s poem "On Being Told I Don't Speak Like a Black Person", which illustrates her and her mother’s personal experiences with language as a Jamaican emigrant family living in the United States, to support the claim that language is the avenue to unifying meaning, which advances culture interaction, if stereotypes are inactive or disregarded.
Allison Joseph’s “On Being Told I Don't Speak Like a Black Person" mainly illustrates the effects that stereotypes have on language and first impressions. One of the first issues of the poem that Joseph addresses, is the difference in reason between Jamaicans and Americans to learn each other’s language. “Emphasize the “h,” you hignorant ass, was what my mother was told when colonial-minded teachers slapped her open palm with a ruler in that Jamaican school room. They tried to force their
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If stereotypes are not active, I believe that an avenue of culture interaction is created that encourages both parties to effectively learn each other’s culture through language. Additionally, I believe that when stereotypes are active during spontaneous culture interaction, it hinders one ability to effectively unify meaning through language because there are assumptions that exist between either parties pertaining to what is expected of the other party. Last but not least, although stereotypes may exist, if an individual tend to be aware of stereotypes but does not necessarily believe them, an avenue to unifying meaning is created, in which culture interaction leads to effective culture
When considering Tiffany Hendrickson’s “Storming the Gates: Talking in Color”, I agree with the interconnections of cultural background, speech and race. We often stereotype the way we think a person’s voice should sound based off of their race. In Hendrickson’s essay she talked about how people can code-switch between SAE (Standard American English) and AAE (African-American English) in order to feel more comfortable in different environments. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of code-switching and how our cultural surroundings relate to the sound of our voices.
“A fly in the milk” is a metaphor that has been used to explain what it’s like being a Black person surrounded by White people, or simply describes a person who is different from the rest. Robert Lake’s, “An Indian Father’s Plea”, he writes a letter addressing his son’s kindergarten that his son “is not culturally ‘disadvantages’ but he is culturally different.’” (20) Claude Steele’s book “Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do” gives examples of how different people are labeled and how these labels affect them socially and mentally. Lake’s letter illustrates the stigma, identity contingencies, and stereotype threat that are similar to those presented in Claude Steele’s book.
In the essay, “If Black English Isn’t Language, Then Tell Me, what is?” (1979) Baldwin asserts that “Black Language” is part of the American community, and background, but its social background makes people deny it. He supports his claim by using his personal experience while also including examples of how languages are involved, and it is a key to identity; he also uses pathos and linguistics diversity to encourage his readers to support his claim. Baldwin purpose is to inform his readers about the situation in order to augment how black language is not only a language itself, but how it unveils things about the early days of American society.
Tatum uses the theoretical perspective of both symbolic interaction and conflict theory in this book. The symbolic interaction in this book looks at the social interaction between racial identities, how we see ourselves and how others see us. Furthermore, it manifests itself in the stereotypes and prejudices that are perpetuated in our society; stereotypes help to reinforce negative images and ideals that we have about different races. An example in her book Dr. Tatum explains that one of her white male student once responded in his journal “is not my fault that blacks do not write books” (1445).
James Baldwin’s essay on “Black English” comes from the perspective of a distinguished black man, articulating the idea of “What is English”. Baldwin writes in an eloquent tone that creates an atmosphere supporting his argument on why black english is a language because of his racial background. In Order to further his claim he utilizes antecedent to explain how “black english” evolved over time. He also employs antithesis to compare different languages,African Americans and white people.
The Skin That We Speak The way a person speaks is a direct link to a person’s culture and the environment which he or she was raised in. A person’s language, skin color as well as economic status influences the way he or she is perceived by others. Lisa Delpit and eleven other educators provide different viewpoints on how language from students of different cultures, ethnicity, and even economic status can be misinterpreted due to slang and dialect or nonstandard English by the teachers as well as his or her own peers. The Skin That We Speak: Thoughts on Language and Culture in the Classroom by Lisa Delpit and Joanne Kilgour Dowdy, who collected essays from a diverse group of educators and scholars to reflect on the issue of language
Language can either separate someone from this larger identity or connect him or her to it. This essay shows that black people in America have been systematically and institutionally marginalized by white society that their creation of separate and distinct language was a necessity, and this essay brings to light the struggles my community ---------- the black community --------- had faced in an effort to break through stereotypes and erroneous assumptions .I personally enjoyed how Baldwin incorporated historical examples into his essay, such as the Irish and the Germans, because it showed me that African Americans were not the only ones who felt marginalized by the way they use
It was once believed that the languages that the Africans spoke varied drastically from region to region but in reality they were “local variations of a deeper-lying structural similarity” (Herkovits 79). This similarity allowed communicating in the New World to be easier than if the languages were all completely linguistically independent, “whether Negro speech employs English or French or Spanish or Portuguese vocabulary, the identical constructions found over all the New World can only be regarded as a reflection of the underlying similarities in grammar and idiom, which, in turn, are common to the West African Sudanese tongues” (80). Language then became an important part of African American culture, whether it be a “secret” language used to help slaves escape, or to tell stories and folklore to children to encourage and motivate them, or express African proverbs from generation to generation. There has been many times when other races seem not to understand what African Americans are saying because of the slang terms we create that then become popular terms, most recently has been the phrases “on fleek” and “twerking”, to name a few examples. Being proficient in verbal arts was prized in Africa and now a value has been placed on verbal expression in today’s culture through riddles and through preaching and teaching (Williams
The stereotypes have brought negative recognition to these ethnic groups. According to an article by Simply Psychology, stereotypes can interfere when an introduction to another race occurs. An individual might sum up the person characteristic based on the stereotypes of the person’s ethnicity. An individual can assume that all Asian Americans are Chinese, and therefore can speak the Chinese’s language as well. This is a negative stereotype of an Asian American that they encounter in their own country.
The article “From outside, in,” by Barbara Mellix reveals the difficulties among the black ethnicity to differentiate between two diverse but similar languages. One is “black English”, which is comfortable to her while speaking with her family and community and the other is “standard English”, generally used while talking in public with strangers and work. Since childhood Mellix was taught when and where to use either black English or standard English. To illustrate, seeing her aunt and uncle in Pittsburgh, where there was wide range use of both languages, she learned to manage both languages with ease.
Stereotypes are simple images or beliefs over the attributes assigned to a particular social group, are models of behavior that become schemes deeply rooted in our mentalities to the point that we adopt them as part of human naturalness. Stereotypes can be racial, religious, sexual and social. These could be the caused of a known incident or attitude years earlier, or simply the result of frequent rumors. Stereotypes can affect different spheres of society. These assumptions can filter into many aspects of life.
“If Black English Isn’t a Language Then Tell Me What Is” In the essay “If Black Isn’t a Language Then Tell Me What Is” (The New York Times, 1979) written by James Baldwin, the author asserts that the African American community has altered the English language into a new language during the last five centuries to accommodate the black experience in American history despite the white’s attempt to submerge it. To begin the essay he makes his argument clear by referencing the alterations the French made to their native language to describe how people will eventually “...evolve a language in order to describe and thus control their circumstances…”; furthermore he continues to analyze how the caucasian people of America have only accepted the black language when it came out of a white mouth; he ends the essay by reinforcing his position, elaborating on the racism black’s have faced when they were denied the right to an education unless it was for the white benefit. His liberal purpose is to bring light to the subtle racism that African Americans experience even after the Civil Rights movement and to acknowledge the cultural influence they have in America. His writing appears very personal and intimate like he’s voluntarily opening up to his audience by letting them know of his own struggles as an African American, targeting mostly minorities and people who feel oppressed by white America.
Words have the power to create great things just like they have the power to destroy them. Claudia Rankine uses her book, Citizen: An American Lyric, to illustrate the idea that racism has become an everyday component of our society. This book expresses the idea that language normalizes the existence of racism. This particular
To produce meaning, the concepts must be translated into common language. Halls refers to language as “anything from written words, spoken sounds and visual images, to music, fashion and even facial expressions”. A stereotype is a form of representation but a stereotypical representation is often inaccurate, partial, negative and limited. According to Hall and Itzin, a stereotype is an exaggerated, misleading and distorted representation of a group of people or a person through the reduction of that group or person to a few essential characteristics. Itzin explains a stereotype as representing “a set of ideas or a set of beliefs about people - an ideology rather than as people as they are.”
As this course has recognized, intercultural communication skills are invaluable in today’s diverse world. Especially here in the United States, where we can be considered a “melting pot” of various cultures, these skills can increase efficiency in the workplace and allow for resolutions to be made in times of intercultural conflict. The remainder of this text will focus in the concepts of stereotyping and ethnocentrism, examples of how a certain cultural group is represented by the media, media stereotypes versus cultural value orientations, and how such stereotyping can impact communication between individuals of different cultural groups. Stereotyping Versus Ethnocentrism