Chapter 4: The Statistics Behind Stealth Campaigns The battle between Christian Right politicians and anti-Christian Right politicians has been a long one, most distinguishably beginning in the 1920s with the clash between evolutionists and anti-evolutionists (pp. 3). While this issue is still in debate, modern day attention is being drawn to “stealth campaigns” – that is, as paraphrased from page 83 of School Board Battles, Christian Right political candidates’ downplay of their connections to Christian coalitions and exaggeration of their moderate viewpoints to the public, all while organizing voters in conservative churches. The subject is controversial and one of the main topics discussed in Melissa Deckman’s book, School Board Battles. …show more content…
84) that point to the use of stealth campaigns. The account of each not only puts evidence behind her argument, the reader later discovers that these accounts go against the viewpoint she argues in her conclusion, adding depth to her argument: she states what critics think on the outside, later going into statistical analysis for the rest of the chapter to prove them wrong. Data primarily consists of table charts pulled from a survey and two case studies. The surveys, as outlined in Appendix A of the book, were taken from randomly selected school districts around the nation, and the case studies, also outlined in Appendix A, were from Fairfax County, Virginia, and Garrett County, Maryland, both counties with conservative Christians on the school board (pp. 176). The survey pool selected by Deckman is well rounded; she took into account small vs. large school districts, districts with no elections, candidates who ran unopposed, candidates with incorrect home addresses, and candidates who did not respond to the survey (pp. 176). Each variable was accounted for and the survey was scaled as such, making it a valuable and effective …show more content…
For example, at the beginning of chapter four, she presents the outline of her argument: as paraphrased from pages 84 and 85, she states she will be comparing Christian Right candidates to non-Christian right candidates, discussing whether or not they were upfront with the issues they cared about, and examining where they got their money from and whether or not they campaigned in churches. Her pause to explain what each topic discusses creates an argument of logical flow. Her descriptions of how she measures things also aid in the chapter’s layout and the reader’s understanding. On page 85, before beginning her investigation of stealth campaigns, she outlines exactly what it would mean to have a stealth campaign and what data she would need to find to prove the possibility of such campaign. This important tool allows the reader to approach the rest of the chapter with knowledge as to what exactly they were looking for, and aids in the movement of the
In Connie Parkinson’s retirement speech, she takes advantage of her last moment as a teacher to warn us that we are losing our interpersonal connections. The culprit being cell phones. Through a laid-back style of speaking, Parkinson implores readers to acknowledge the harmful effects that come along with cell phone use. Passionate about her cause, Parkinson uses three different rhetorical devices to help get her message across: parallelism, syntax, and rhetorical questions. Examples of parallelism can be seen in a couple of different places.
In the nineteen-forties there was a terrible war raging on, with many dead, and others wounded. Little did America know, there was another war, a silent war, a war of opportunities and understanding. During the war years, morale was low and Americans were afraid to go to war, however; the Double V campaign encouraged Americans to fight for democracy and victory abroad and at home. Unfortunately, it didn 't include all Americans. African-Americans had been fighting for their own freedom for many years, but now, they wanted to fight for their country and were denied,“For surely those who perpetrate these ugly prejudices here are seeking to destroy our democratic form of government just as surely as the Axis forces.”
In general, for-profit schools cost more to attend, because they are run like businesses. And it definitely does not take a college degree to see that these high prices plus low income students equal greater risk of default. For-profit colleges began as family owned trade schools but over the years they have expanded into educational businesses that accept any student, regardless of their financial wellbeing or aptitude. On the other hand, traditional schools have neglected to notice the rising need for an education that is flexible and convenient. In his article “Why Do You Think They’re Called For-Profit Colleges,” Kevin Carey writes to an educated audience of higher education students and faculty to convince them the pros and cons of both
Given the legal nature of the gerrymandering issue, there is an extensive legal background on the issue since the ninetieth century. This literature review gives the more relevant legal background regarding Pennsylvania’s current situation, as well as background information on the novel ways that policy-makers and researchers measure political gerrymandering. Keeping the legal background and measurement procedures in context, there are also legislative reforms and commission procedures that states have taken in order to ameliorate the problems that arise from gerrymandering. A. Constitutionality & Legal Background The Pennsylvania State Constitution contains relevant clauses that must be applied to any redistricting plan.
What is fundamentalism? Essentially, it is an adherence to the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to life and teaching. In his book, Fundamentalism and American Culture, George M. Marsden attacks the daunting question of “How has the fundamentalist movement managed to resist the pressures of the scientific community and the draw of modern popular culture to hold on to their ultra-conservative Christian views?” Not only does this History textbook answer that pressing question, but it also tells the incredible, encouraging tale of how Christian principles CAN survive in a godless world. From the first chapter, Marsden notes fundamentalism’s steady march through American history.
Kwame Anthony Appiah Argument The answer to the globalization pandemic is cosmopolitanism. Globalization is described as being negative according to Kwame Anthony Appiah it’s a one-way thinking or a one-way frame of mind. We are responsible for ourselves and things should be done on our individual terms. An example he gives is “I want you to be my brother on my terms.”
Have you ever noticed that the voices of others build up your own response? Gaining a perspective on this question is not an easy task to reflect on especially when people’s arguments determines your own. Gerald Graff’s and Cathy Birkenstein’s book, “THEY SAY, I SAY”, abridges their perspective on difficulties students face with persuasive writing. By deliberately including academic templates, the book assists students to overcome their inability of constructing their own arguments, based on what others have said. Covering the first four chapters; “they say”, “I say”, “trying is all together”, and “In specific academic context” I will showcase how Graff and Birkenstein’s book aid students to better express their personal thoughts.
Political Parties serve a crucial role in congressional campaigns, especially for candidate recruitment. One significant role political parties serve is the state law of redistricting, “Because the composition of House districts can make the difference between winning and losing, the two major parties and individual politicians, particularly incumbents, often fight fierce battles in state legislatures over the alignment of districts.” (Smith, et al., 2007). Similar to my previous discussion, the congressional district map is crucial to the success of political parties and gerrymandering is just apart of the nature of political parties. In order for political parties to completely reap the benefits of their constituents, they must draw a map that serves their best interest.
Among the ones she uses are appealing to a sense of humour, making herself relatable, and also making the reader feel angry with
It 's not easy being a cult leader. Having the ability to sway and entire audience is a difficult task that most are unable accomplish. For a Demagogue however, this task is simple. Demagogues have the ability to persuade an audience by using stereotyping and taking away the voices and democracy of their followers. Through Patricia Roberts-Miller 's lens, we get an inside look on the strategies that demagogues use to persuade their audience.
Horace Mann acknowledged many arguments made against common school reform during his tenth and twelfth annual reports to the Massachusetts Board of Education. Two of these oppositions included fear of religious division and concern of unwelcomed government involvement. In his advocacy for universal public education, Mann counteracted such disputes by insuring religion to be a private matter and government involvement to be a beneficial necessity for the common good. Resisters of common school reform accused supporters (including Mann) of introducing an “irreligious and anti-Christian” system and wanting to exclude religion from public education, while taking away religious authority and influence (Mann, 1848). Mann acknowledged these grave
Religion and the effects it has on political Voting. Alexander E . Hilbrants Solano Commuinity College 11/27/14 Abstract: Alexander Hilbrants studies the ideas of religion and politics, and how politics and civil religion affect religious sensitive materials including same sex marriage and abortion.
Finding Justification for Injustice What politician hasn’t used religion as an unwavering piece of justification in an argument? All throughout history, politicians have used religion countless times to justify behavior or simply to avoid unflattering questions. Authors and characters are guilty of this as well. “The Crucible” and “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” include evidence that individuals use religion as justification to prey on other’s fears and insecurities, to use as evidence to explain an occurrence or phenomenon, or to pass judgement on another person because Miller wishes to shed light on the manipulation of ideas and religion, and Edwards wishes to persuade his audience through these tactics.
When everyone gets first place, does anyone truly win? “A’s for Everyone!” by Alicia Shepard is a persuasive essay discussing how grade inflation affects professors at a collegiate level. Shepard’s credentials are satisfactory: she is a journalism professor who’s experienced demanding students first-hand. These students believe they are entitled to receive A grades, regardless of their exam scores.
An example of this is “ It was so long ago that if you had a boy in your room, you had to leave the door open six inches, and if you closed the door you had to put a sock on the doorknob”(Ephron Pg.2). By doing, for one it breaks the ice and makes the speech less awkward, also this she makes the text more relatable and engages the audience which is the main point without doing this it would’ve been another drawn out boring speech and this is not what she