Fred Wilson is known for his talent to make ordinary things portray exceptional messages. Of his works, Mining the Museum is arguably one of his most provocative. In this exhibition, Wilson brilliantly assessed the representation of African Americans and white Americans in the Maryland Historical Society, one of Maryland’s oldest institutions. Still, due to its subtle though “mean-spirited” nature, aspects of Fred Wilson’s Mining the Museum would perplex even Plato’s Socrates in the Republic.
Focusing first on Wilson’s opening piece, it is possible to see how this particular Museum in Maryland, as an institution, is criticized. Wilson, when “mining” the museum in which his exhibition was displayed, found the busts of three prominent American
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Here, Wilson implies that our society is built on slavery and that without the rusted iron; the polished silver could never exist. More importantly, it reinforces the flaws of the museum once more by pointing out that while it lacked the busts of heroic African American heroes, the museum possessed a symbol (the shackles) of the darkest moments of American history. Inevitably, Wilson managed to create tension, attack society, and instill collective guilt for the depravities of the past. As a result, Wilson compels his viewers, through that collective guilt to prevent history from repeating itself. Something that Plato would label as “moral improvement.” Still, even more so than Wilson’s opening piece, Metalwork puts people in power—and all those who are associated with their prosperity--in a negative light, which is something that Plato strongly disagrees with. To Plato's Socrates, the guardians, or the people in power, need to be presented in a positive light as well-intentioned people; in Wilson's display, however, slave owners, who held significant power in early American society, were (rightfully) chastised. While Plato pushed for righteousness, he protected the Guardians' reputation in order to instill an ordered society. It is also worth noting that Plato’s Socrates may not have even found moral fault with the institution of slavery; most of the Enlightenment thinkers who built American society did not, after
This work by Booker T. Washington, “The Atlanta Exposition Address”, or also known as “The Atlanta Compromise”, was a speech given in 1895 at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta that had a lasting impact not only to the crowd listening, but to the nation as a whole. Booker T. Washington was admired and appreciated by many black Americans. Although, everyone in the African American Community admired his overall achievements leading up to his speech in Atlanta, some of his ideas and thoughts became very controversial within the black community and possibly encouraged the Jim Crow era by proposing the ideology of separate but equal. “The Atlanta Exposition Address,” was significant in shaping history because it; sparked a split and debate within the African American community over the ideas Booker T. Washington proposed in the address, and simultaneously affected the nation as a whole with future laws passed off the basis of Washington’s ideology. To understand the context of where Booker T. Washington’s stance is in the address, people must first understand Washington’s background and his audience during the speech.
After reading all the passages contained in “The Black Church” by Marilyn Mellows I quickly decided to write about “Origins and Abolition”. Perhaps, it was the fact that each of the aforementioned passages included historical references to Philadelphia. I am always interested in the role that Philadelphia played in shaping the course of African American history. These passages illuminate the individuals that charted new paths as slaves persevered and fought defiantly as they marched towards freedom. Origins, is a brief but succinct description that outlines the plight of Africans that departed their kingdoms on the coastline of Congo and arrived in Jamestown, Virginia as slaves.
Racism is one out of many important themes portrayed in the novel A Gathering Of Old Men written by Ernest J. Gaines 1983. The novel is set during the 1970”s on a Louisiana sugarcane plantation. Whites were threatened by the idea that blacks could one day be in power so they sought out other measures to uphold the absolute power of whites. In A Gathering Old Men, Gaines wants us to understand that the fight needs to keep going because racism still exist in recent times. Although it is usually connected somehow to violence, racism comes in many different forms in A Gathering Of Old Men.
Project Report: Oral History and the History of the Civil Rights Movement - Kim Lacy Rogers, The Journal of American History, Vol. 75, No. 2 (1988), pp. 567-576 The civil rights movement of the early 1960s was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States, one that has elicited much examination and research by historians. An era that saw the power and influence of the movement play an integral role in the eradication of legalised segregation and the disenfranchisement of African Americans. Given the historic importance of the civil rights movement, this paper aims to examine Dr Kim Lacy Rogers ‘Oral History and the History of the Civil Rights Movement’, published in the Journal of American History in 1988.
Free People of Color: Inside the African American Community, written by James Oliver Horton, is an interesting book that portrays antebellum African American communities and its occupants whose lives were both confounded by prohibitive powers and brought together by common goals. It explores dynamic debates within these communities over gender, color, and national identities, as well as leadership styles and politics. Published in 1993, this book uncovers the diversity and distinctions of free black society in northern cities such as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington D.C. A Smithsonian director and an American civilization professor at George Washington University in Washington D.C., Horton captivates the reader with a compelling study of the
In the news today, a continual debate can be found about the significance of Confederate monuments and if they should remain or be removed. Confederate monuments that have been erected throughout the U.S. should be kept because of the preservation of America’s history. For instance, in the article, The Unbearable Lightness of Confederate-Statue Removal, the author lists how slaveholder monuments aren’t the only statues being vandalized, but the Lincoln Memorial and Mount Rushmore are other symbols of U.S. history that some believe need to “blow up” (Murdock). Every historical symbol can have both people who appreciate it and who oppose it. That doesn’t mean that we should tear down all symbols, but
In Booker T. Washington’s, “A Protest Against the Burning and Lynching of Negroes”, he inspects racial injustice through pathos and logos. Firstly, Washington gives a pathos statement by expressing his views on the unreasonable burning and lynching. “These brutal and inhuman crimes are leading us,”(Washington 1904). Furthermore, they happened regularly and were insane therefore he showed his emotions towards them.
He questions his audience of the significance of Independence Day to slaves, and he answers it in an extremely contrasting way: “your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; … your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery,” that the celebration is “a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages.” Douglass dismisses the national pride, characterizing it as a mere expression of people’s ignorance. The antithesis, with “greatness” being “vanity,” “sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless,” and “shouts of liberty and equality” being “hollow mockery,” provokes shock and anger from the audience, who have just been part of it and are now degraded as “savages.” However, Douglass was not trying to be inflammatory but provocative, witnessing the pathetic enthusiasm in the anniversary, that people feel exuberant about themselves while ignoring the saddening
When Plato wrote the Myth of Metals in the timeless classic The Republic, it was used to describe citizens of Kallipolis, a fictional utopia. As the myth follows, the citizens of Kallipolis are descendants from the same god. While this higher being was forming these individuals, he instilled within each of their souls different metals. Gold for those capable of ruling, silver for the guardians, and iron and bronze for the farmers and craftsmen.
Frederick Douglass’s “What the Black Man Wants” captures the need for change in post Civil War America. The document presses the importance for change, with the mindset of the black man being, ‘if not now then never’. Parallel to this document is the letter of Jourdon Anderson, writing to his old master. Similar to Douglas, Mr. Anderson speaks of the same change and establishes his worth as freed man to his previous slave owner. These writings both teach and remind us about the evils of slavery and the continued need for equality, change, and reform.
Should monuments be removed? For many years people have been arguing whether certain controversial monuments, such as statues, should be destroyed or removed. A common type of monuments in this situation are the Confederacy monuments. These are various statues across the US which honor Confederate leaders or “heroes”. Many see these offensive since those people basically oppressed African Americans for years and were fighting to keep doing so.
This shows the audience that they cannot be obdurate by eschewing the truth of slavery and that they should not be celebrating. They feel driven to want to correct themselves -- stop celebrating -- by
The Colored Museum is a satire about African American Culture which examines the influence of history on African Americans. George C. Wolfe uses political theater’s alienation effect to engage the audience into critical thought. The title “The Colored Museum” is a direct correlation between the word “Museum” where ancient artifacts are unchanged and “Colored”, a word from the past which is figurative for stopping time and escape. The Colored Museum has 11 exhibits which mock different aspects of African American history and culture. Wolfe also illustrates the affects of African Americans assimilation into the European culture with exhibits such as, “The Hairpiece”.
In Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man influences from Ellison’s personal interest and passion for art and sculpture have become the dominions for the narrator’s perception of power and disillusionment. As the narrator partakes in his own self-discovery of his invisibility, art is often present to describe the mindset and ideas at the time of the narrator. Elements such as sculptures and museum settings are implemented into the novel; together they landmark the different stages of transformation the narrator has towards realizing his true invisibility. The multiple elements of art in the novel are nods towards Ellison’s fascination for art. Ellison’s attention to portraits and visual artifact collections in his career reveals his awareness
The Creation museum opened up in may 28, of the year 2007. the building is worth 27 million dollars of donations, the museum features over 150 exhibits about animatronic dinosaur and professional displays of the bible. In addition to this The creation museum based their research in the origins of the universe on a free interpretation of the Bible reflecting creationist believes. In contrast to the creation museum The American museums of Natural History has taken a totally different approach by basing their research in the the theory of evolution, the museum is one of the largest museum in the world with over 33 million species with 28 interconnecting building and housing over 45 exhibition halls. The purpose of the museum is “to discover interpret