Self as it Relates to Memory and Forgetting Introduction and Thesis: The podcast “Memory and Forgetting” has shown that developments in memory and the brain further contradicts a Lockean view of duality and self, in favor of a materialistic view. In “Memory and Forgetting” guest neuroscientists Karim Nader and Joe LeDoux, science writer Jonah Lehrer, and cognitive psychologist Dr. Elizabeth Loftus explain some of the developments about memory. During the 1960’s neuroscientists learned that there the proteins in our brain help the neurons to form new connections and these connections are our memories. Lehrer explains that once this connection is made we can remember that memory, but we are actually recreating the memories and therefore replacing them with new memories that are “reinterpreted in the light of today, in the light of now” (“Memory and Forgetting”). LeDoux and Nader experimented anisomycin, a drug that prevents proteins from forming …show more content…
Their experiments showed that not only can the drug stop new memories from being formed, but we can also use it to target and remove an existing memory by taking the drug when someone is remembering, or recreating, that memory. Dr. Elizabeth Loftus work also shows how malleable our memory is. She has found that by placing misinformation along with an actual event, it was not difficult to alter the memories of the previous event. She eventually found that she could implant entirely new memories of a person’s childhood that had never actually taken place. She would ask individuals about true experiences that they had and about a false experience that she made up. Individuals would then take parts of other memories and recreate the experience that Loftus described. A quarter of the people she interviewed now have memories of something that has never happened. When you are recreating or remembering an experience
One’s memories are everything. An individual that lacks unique memories drifts through existence without a sense of direction. Unfortunately, the vulnerability of one’s memories still remains constant. In many literary works, several notable narrators expose this often overlooked susceptible side of memories. In Brian Falkner’s, Brain Jack, the author illustrates the possible aftermath when a being is able to alter certain character defining memories of an individual.
In the first section of The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains by Nicholas Carr he emphasizes the downs to the very powerful internet that we use everyday. He explains how this era of the internet predicts an age of narcissism and mediocrity. Carr gives examples of how we quest after every new technology medium, how the medium alters humans, and all the technology that has shuffled and led to the internet. Carr uses the author of Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man saying “ whenever a new medium comes along we are attracted to it.
An example of this when Guy realizes that him and Mildred couldn’t remember where they first met “ And suddenly she was so strange he couldn't believe he knew her st all.” ( Chapter 1 Page 42) By suppressing these memories, people aren’t able to form close relationships with anyone else. In 1984, Winston lets go of his childhood memories, dismissing them as “ false memories” . Him dismissing these memories shows the amount of control that
People might remember seeing things they actually did not actually see, because it is what they wanted to see or believe. The person could not have been fully aware of the situation at hand; this can be due to extreme stress or shock. Thus, the person will comprehend the situation with addition or subtraction to details. This demonstration did change the way I feel when listening to testimonies and eye witness interview. An eyewitness report can butcher detail and very essential facts.
In conclusion, I believe that memories in general are real, and theorized about negative and positive
Throughout this entire week, I have come to learn that memories are reconstructed when we remember them; however, this doesn’t make them fake, they are indeed real in my opinion. This is also my opinion on repressed memories. Repressed memories are real. Therapies in which therapist continue to suggest there’s “something else” (Loftus) are the reason why people doubt the authenticity of repressed memories. In the video False Memories, the study showing how subjectable people are to formulating false memories is astonishing and it proves just how easy it is to create fake memories.
“Identity is memory; when memory disappears, the self dissolves and love with it.”, written by John Lahr. This quote ties in well with the short story, Harrison Bergeron, by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Since both the quote and the story places their emphasis on the importance of memory. The reader is immediately introduced to the situation that George and Hazel Bergeron are living through.
Majority people believe our human memory is like a videotape recorder, record everything what had happened accurately and can play it back over and over again. But actually it’s not. Our memories can be contaminated by others or our past memory and come up with false memory which called misinformation effect. The story of Jennifer Thompson and Ronald Cotton shows a great example of memory failure. Jennifer Thompson had mistaken Ronald Cotton with Bobby Poole who is the rapist.
To what extent do you believe that psychogenic amnesia is distinct from organic amnesia? Amnesia is the total or partial loss of memory and can affect different types of memory (Madan, 2011). In order to be able to help those with amnesia using the best treatment, the different forms of amnesia need to be understood correctly. In knowing this, the treatment can be designed around the type of amnesia, with the cause, symptoms and ways to help becoming more specific and focused. By studying the diseases and improving our knowledge of the roles that memory plays we can increase our understanding of the brain structures and how the types of memory fit together.
In summation, all these research articles support the hypothesis that although there are different causes to false memories, none can determine if a person 's memory is true or false. Although these studies show what could be some of the causes of false memories, they cannot necessarily prove if a memory is true or false where it really matters. Certain factors such as suggestibility, arousal, and mere exposure can be said to influence false memories, but these alone will not determine if a person is telling the truth (Bernstein & Loftus, 2009; Corson & Verrier, 2007; Foster & Garry, 2012). Future studies could consider where these false memories are a problem and try to conduct their studies in these settings. They usually take place in the real world, not in a laboratory where the aforementioned studies took place.
How Memories shape humanity "Without memory, there is no culture. Without memory, there would be no civilization, no society, no future." – Elie Wiesel Memories are what enable us to learn from our past experiences, make educated guesses, and establish our own individuality. We couldn't learn, grow, or develop a sense of morality without memories. Hence, they form an important part of what makes us human.
To start with the basis of understanding the memory, one must know that memories are stored in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In a recent fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study over the past decade, researchers found that the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex have decreased in activity. The memory is a constructive surface and not so much reproductive. It can be distorted by being influenced by bias, association, imagination and peer pressure. As one goes to recall an event, the brain will now associate that memory with what is happening around them at the time of the recall.
(xxvii.¶3) I argue, why should memories be treated any differently? Can it not be said with utmost certainty that a person acquires new memories over time and thus the set of memories we have is constantly undergoing change? How can the memories be the basis for this notion of consciousness and by extension, for personal identity if the set of memories do not remain the same through time? Looking at the
According to Halbwaches, studying memory is not a matter of reflecting on the properties of the subjective mind, rather memory is a matter of how minds work together in society, how their operations are structured by social arrangements: “It is in society that people normally acquire their memories. It is also in society that they recall, recognize, and localize their memories” (Halbwachs, 1992, p.38). Halbwaches argued that it is impossible for individuals to remember any coherent outside of their group contexts. Group memberships provide the materials for memory and prod the individual into recalling particular events and into forgetting others. (Lo, 2012)
He provides criteria of personal identity through time that consist of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the survival of persons. He considered personal identity to be based on consciousness (memory and experience) and not on the physical matter of the body. He argued that many people hastily identify the physical brain with consciousness. The body and the brain are physical objects; therefore, it is subject to change whilst consciousness consistently remains the same. Consequently, personal identity is not located in the brain, but in consciousness.