Analysis Of Toleration: An Impossible Virtue By Bernard Williams

Yet, one must be causa sui to achieve true moral responsibility. Hence, nothing is able to truly be morally responsible. Strawson 's whole purpose of writing the article is to change anyone 's mind who says that we should be responsible for the way we are and what we do as a result of the way we are. He believes we are lacking freedom and control of doing so. He argues that if we do something for a reason, that is how we are, so we must be responsible.

Economic writer Stephen Moore claimed that the original and traditional American concept of equality as "equality under the law” means that the same rules apply to all, not the same results (29). He states that it isn’t possible to have a classless society because it hinders the economic prosperity of the nation. “Equality of rules ensures that all enjoy the same freedom of contract, which empowers them to maximize value and production, and plan investment knowing they can rely on their agreed contractual rights.” (Moore 29). He basically states that competition encourages the advancement of a nation and the equality under law allows for all to have the opportunity to contribute. He clearly understood Vonnegut’s work to be an attack against communism as he uses it in his argument against equalizing legislature

Previously mentioned, Shklar believes how the limited power to the state is the solution to individuals freedom and liberty not being in danger. She also believes that the liberalism of fear is not similar to anarchism. Anarchist’s tend to believe that people do not need state power or any rules of law to live peacefully, but Shklar suggests that rules are significant to liberalism in various ways because the rules of law will protects ones individual

Conservatism, according to Oakeshott, is about holding certain belief concerning how a governing activity should be done and its appropriate tools. This belief is hypothetically grasp and rather traditional. He believed that the consistency lies in the preservation of order. The government prefers traditionalism over the new changes because in Oakeshott’s view; “…as instruments enabling people to pursue the activities of their own choice with the minimum frustration…”What does he meant here by ‘minimum frustration’? He explained that the frustration happens when there is no such thing as order in a society – a place where myriad of activities and opinions circulating among vast people of different characteristics.

The world is comprised of irrationality and meaninglessness even though humans seek order and purpose. This paradox, known as the Absurd, defines the human condition. In the face of the Absurd, one may live like the comforters and act in Bad Faith. The comforters cling to the idea that their world functions rationally. Consequently, they falsely define Job as a sinner in accordance with their logic and deny their own inherent ability to create their own moral code.

The general statement made by Elie Wiesel in his speech, The Perils of Indifference, is that indifference is sinful. More specifically, Wiesel argues that awareness needs to be brought that indifference is dangerous. He writes “Indifference is not a beginning, it is an end”. In this speech, Wiesel is suggesting that indifference is dangerous it can bring the end to many lives. In conclusion Wiesel's belief is suggesting that indifference is an end, it needs to be noticed and taken care of.

People are being made equal by beauty, knowledge, and strength, when traits should not be equal. People all are different in their own unique way, so why should anyone take away who they are? The differences make everyone who they are, and that determines how they will live their life, and living a good life, should be done by themselves only. Equality should be given for rights, not anything else. Censorship is being used the unrightful way.

What Is Right About Having Children? Some philosophers hold that having children is impermissible under any circumstances, call this view global anti-natalism. Among these philosophers, David Benatar (2006) introduces a famous asymmetry argument on individuals’ evaluation of pain, pleasure, absence of pain and absence of pleasure (30-31). Based on this argument, Benatar believes, “Being brought into existence is not a benefit but always a harm” (28); thus global anti-natalism (i.e. it is always wrong to have children).

Do we recoil from torture because it treats a person only as a means to an end? It is a principled view that might account for our rational rejection of torture, but Kant’s Categorical Imperative is too much at variance with Anglo-American norms to explain the instinctive revulsion the practice commonly elicits. (As the death penalty illustrates, note that popularity does not contradict abhorrence.) In his paeans to torture, Dershowitz is merely echoing Bentham and, beyond it, the reigning utilitarianism of our time, which, from conditional welfare to advertising, routinely flouts Kantian ethics. And yet, is there a doubt that the wrongness of torture finds its source, not in a holy book or in the final link of a chain of observations, but deep in humanity’s moral intuition?

Equality in America is meant as egalitarian equality; having the same rights and opportunities - not necessarily outcome, the price of which is competition which brings along materialistic tendencies and results in a great divide in social status within the population, such as rampant homelessness. Freedom is centered around the American individual and the choices which they can make, they have many freedoms, including freedom of religion, freedom of choice, and most importantly: their freedom of

I believe that Powers makes some very valid points on how expression is censored in the more modern “liberal” era. I think that it is within everybody’s right to believe in whatever they want and have the right to express it. More importantly, what I have really taken away from this class is: just because you may think something is “offensive’, “obscene,” or “wrong” does not mean the person next to you may see it that way as well. As we discussed in class, in particular cases, who really is capable of deciding what is truly right or wrong? Who is this “reasonable person” to decide for all what is politically correct or not?

The conclusion then states human consumption of any products is justified. Since premise 2 and 4 are considered to be false, this makes it un-sound argument, but valid none the less. This argument altogether commits a fallacy because of the composition fallacy. The composition fallacy includes an erroneous characteristic from parts of something to the whole (Robert Taylor, pg.1). The conclusion provides it by claiming consumption of animal food is unjustified even though it shown by premise 5 not all suffering used and that in premise one says humans have more moral value than animals making the conclusion erroneous and that the the composition fallacy is being