Analysis Of Toleration: An Impossible Virtue By Bernard Williams

William's believes in Utilitarianism, and defines it as “ the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful of for the benefit of a majority”. This applies to the example he used when talking about the indians and Jim. He used this situation which stated that Jim had to kill one indian, and get to mark the occasion, and the other indians will be let off; Or he refuses, and there will be no special occasion, and Pedro will kill them all. (Williams, p. ) Williams also argues against the utilitarianism theory, by saying that it conflicts with human nature. He thinks that the theory is determining actions right and wrong based off the happiness of the majority of people. Williams goes into great detail about how the consequences matters on

Bernard Williams’ essay, A Critique of Utilitarianism, launches a rather scathing criticism of J. J. C. Smart’s, An Outline of a System of Utilitarian ethics. Even though Williams claims his essay is not a direct response to Smart’s paper, the manner in which he constantly refers to Smart’s work indicates that Smart’s version of Utilitarianism, referred to as act-Utilitarianism, is the main focus of Williams’ critique.

Why should someone's actions change your view on things? If someone decides to do something sporadic, and it can’t conclude with a criminal punishment, why argue on it? The following texts that will be brought up are “What of This Goldfish, Would You Wish?” by Etgar Keret, “Texas V. Johnson” by William J. Brennan and “American Flag Stands for Tolerance” by Ronald J. Allen. The way that others act should not affect our opinions and thoughts upon our beliefs and we should not discriminate against others for having their beliefs. “What, of This Goldfish, Would You Wish?”

Intolerance Essay How would you feel if you were treated unfairly because of the color of your skin, or your religion? People all over the world face this unfair intolerance. The definition of intolerance is unable or unwilling to endure. This means that not all people can handle the fact that others are different, so it causes them to show hostility to a certain group or race of people.

For example, he quotes Exod. 21:16 from the Bible to say all offspring of God are equal and that slavery should be abolished, because there is no natural right to sell someone or to slay someone. Yet on the contrary, Samuel Sewall claims that blacks in general are inferior to whites and are not capable of accomplishing the same tasks to those of whites. He

I think the suppression of a higher religion by a lower, or even a higher secular culture by a lower, a much greater evil" (77). Lewis also shared his belief that the Christian case for Pacifism rests on certain Dominical utterances, such as "Resist not evil; but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other

These fundamental human rights to which all people by liberals supported the right to live in liberty, and religious

Liberal ideology is the driving force in current political matters and has shaped the United States prevailing Democratic and Conservative parties. Liberalism is defined most recently as a “political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.” While these key focuses do reflect American’s general understanding of liberalism today, it differs quite a bit from its classical origin. Being a liberal in The United States is different than being liberal in many other countries. Classical liberalism, also known as American Conservatism, is still the majorities understanding of the ideology today.

Martin Luther King Jr., an African-American activist, once said, “It may be true that the law cannot make a man love me, but it can keep him from lynching me, and I think that’s pretty important.” In the Jim Crow South in the 1930s, the setting of the film The Great Debaters, directed by Denzel Washington in 2007, King’s words were particularly relevant. James Farmer Jr., the main character of the film, argues King’s point in the final debate about civil disobedience between Harvard and Wiley College. Although the Wiley debaters rely effectively on the strategy of ethos, the keys to their victory are the strategies pathos and logos.

In his argument, he says that any law that restores and lighten are just laws, and anything that corrupts or are treats people without respect are immoral. After giving his argument he concludes that segregation is something morally wrong. He is giving all this argument because he is trying to tell authority that he is a good normal citizen. He wants and will follow the just laws, and he also thinks laws are something essential for a world to function. Although he still has already proven his point, he starts to get into the philosophical principle of breaking the laws.

When arguing for racial equality, James Farmer Jr. quotes St.Augustine, “An unjust law is no law at all.” He claims that just laws are meant to protect all citizens; whereas, unjust laws that discriminate Negroes are not laws to be followed, thus raising awareness of racial discrimination by using emotional and logical appeals. In The Great Debaters, Henry Lowe appeals to the audience’s emotions during a debate about Negro integration into state universities. To challenge his opponent’s claim that the South isn 't ready to integrate Negroes into universities, he affirms that if change wasn’t forcefully brought upon the South, Negroes would “still be in chains,” which is an allusion to slavery. With this point, he is able to raise awareness of

We obey laws because we fear the consequences, or we believe they are just. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made a keen observation when saying, “An unjust law is a code that a majority inflicts on a minority…” referring to segregation in Alabama during the 1960s. He also argued that, “One who breaks an unjust law must do it openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty.” Dr. King, like Gandhi before him, paid the ultimate penalty for his willingness to fight unjust laws. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had a perceptive view on civil disobedience concerning the South in the 1960s.

Conversely, he claims the strength of a person’s spirit can be measured by how much truth they can tolerate, as with more truth people lose their foundation of belief.

He wrote his own opinion arguing that considering race in college admissions is prohibited by the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection under law. Thomas even said that slaveholders once argued that slavery helped to civilize blacks, and that segregationist argued that separating students by

Intolerance can form through fear of other people or beliefs. It can result in the separation of groups of people as well as the destruction of their properties, social status, and ideas. Intolerance is the disapproval of differences in religion, actions, looks, or even social class. SD2