Tulip Fever Analysis

From 1450 to 1700 the economy of Europe began to majorly change. Mercantilism was on the uprise which meant Europe began to focus more on their trade and commerce. This lead to many individuals to having a hard time gaining wealth because the government was doing everthing on a large scale. Many Europeans were just barely getting by. Then the poor would have to go to the extremes and beg and steal to make money for themselves. This lead to many different reactions from the upperclass men. In Europe from 1450 to 1700 people reacted to the poor people of Europe in many different ways. The people of Europe treated the poor with sympathy and they presented them with small acts of kindness but some of the people of Europe also saw the poor as lazy.

For this book report the book that was chosen was, Fever 1793. The author of this fiction book is Laurie Halse Anderson.

The reader knows that all was not right in the city because Jim talks about how they had influxes of pigeons and the drought or heat may have been the cause of the fevers.

Some people took out loans and Grant flooding the gold market left people with no way to repay their loans, they became financially ruined (“Black Friday”). The decrease in gold also affected the stock market, “The stock market prices decreased, dropping about 20%. This bankrupted or inflicted severe damage on venerable firms” (“The Black Friday Gold Scandal”). The aftermath of this scandal not only affected the stock market; it also caused foreign trade to stop and the value of crops also decreased by 50%, financially ruining many

The France of the 1700s was regarded by many to be the most advanced and affluent European nation of the time, due to its cultural influence, prosperous trade and large population. However this appearance hid the social unrest brewing in the nation’s heart between the three major social classes.

Adam Smith is obviously interested in what markets, people, and nations do naturally in order to accumulate wealth; hence the word ‘nature’ being in the long title of the book. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as any decent political philosopher, is also interested in nature and human nature. However, both authors seem to take for granted that their readers would intuitively know what they mean when they use iterations and phrases using the word ‘nature.’ This word is used frequently enough, especially in philosophical texts, that the actual meaning of the word and of phrases containing the word have often been obscured or lost their meaning. It implies a state of being or doing based in what is organic as opposed to what is artificial or manufactured.

The French revolution was a time of great change in France. It was sparked by rebellion and necessity for change. It was dominated by social antagonism between the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy. The paper aims at providing an insight into the factors that caused the French revolution and the themes that emerged during the revolution. It further explores the significance of the revolution and its significance to date towards our system of thinking and interaction. This literature also examines the French revolution and how human nature was viewed. It elaborates on how human beings can be self-interested, savage and yet socially conscious or kind. It also explores how we see the effects of the revolution and its relevance. By drawing on a variety of sources, the paper shows how we relate to the enlightenment concept of humanism.

Adam Smith is an 18th-century philosopher and free-market economist. He is known as the father of economics and is famous for his ideas about the efficiency of the division of labor and the societal benefits of individuals ' pursuit of their own self-interest. Smith is best known for two classic works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The latter, usually known as The Wealth of Nations, is the first modern work of economics and the book which is considered in this research. This research will discuss chapter four of The Wealth of Nations (WN), specifically Smith’s paragraph of water diamond paradox. It will also include an article of Michael V. White arguing that the paradox

“The Perils of Obedience”, written by Stanley Milgram in 1973, explores how her experiment demonstrated people’s affinity to obey orders even if it means someone will get hurt. Milgram is a leading social psychologist who disproved previously considered notions about obedience and authority. Her work demonstrates how obedience trumps morality and gives support for this phenomena with examples from history. By using different participants’ reactions, the author is able to analyze the meaning behind the experiment.

During the seventeenth century, many of Europe’s diverse and numerous countries were going through countless political, economic, and cultural transformations. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were two of the greatest, most important changes of the early modern era which greatly altered the course of history in most of Europe. People were starting to question and challenge widely accepted beliefs and applying approaches to knowledge rooted in human reason to the physical universe and human affairs. The study of history often focuses on these events and its effects on Europe, excluding or ignoring its effects on places outside of Europe. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment both sparked interests in science in China and

The persona portrayed by Dubner and Levitt in their novel Freakonomics is that of an unconventional Economist. Levitt’s introduction includes the quote "Morality, it could be argued, represents the way that people would like the world to work, whereas economics represents how it actually does work." (Levitt 13). This quote details an important distinction that characterizes the rest of Levitt's analysis. As an economist, he studies how the world actually functions, which tends to include deviations from what may be considered the moral. Levitt begins his unconventional economic narrative, by posing the question, "What do schoolteachers and sumo wrestlers have in common?" (Levitt 15). common?" (Levitt

The European demography experienced its most significant transformation between the 18th and 19th century which can be illustrated using the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) . This model correlates to a country’s development: as it moves from a pre-industrialised to an industrialised system, the population growth rate moves from high birth and mortality rates to low birth and mortality rates. 1700 to 1900 Europe saw three phases of this model – the pre-industrialized phase saw high birth rates and high mortality rates due to high fertility and spread of epidemics. The first stage of the DTM can further be elucidated by the Malthusian theory. According to the Malthusian theory, population increased geometrically while food production grew

• Chest pain - ranging from a mild feeling of constriction to intense pressure resembling a heart

Levitt and Dubner classify Freakonomics as a book having “no such unifying theme” (14), but all the unique topics discussed throughout the text connect back together in order to show the hidden side of human nature. The argument that the wide variety of topics and their abstract descriptions all link together draws the attention of a large audience and connects to issues that society is currently facing or has recently confronted.

Since learning AP Economics in my high school year, I have always desired to further my studies in economics. More specifically, I have wanted to study international relations in economics. Recently, Donald Trump has won the presidential election and his inauguration is expected to bring huge change in the world’s economy and foreign policies. These emerging crises have come to my attention and have sparked my curiosity. By applying for PEARL at Keio University, I plan to gain further insight into the topic.