Technical Report
Role of Analytical Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Fahiem Haywood
216194512
Faculty of Applied Sciences
ND: Analytical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry 1: Research Assignment
23 April 2017 Table of Contents
I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3
• Definition of Pharmaceutical Analysis.............................................3
• Definition of Analytical Chemistry…………………………………….3
• Importance of Analytical Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Analysis…..3
• Techniques that are used in Pharmaceutical Analysis……………..3
II. Body
• Application of techniques………………………………………………3
• Duty of Analytical Chemist in Pharmaceutical Industry……………..4
• Equipment used in Pharmaceutical Industry………………………….4
• Reason for choosing
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In the laboratory analytical chemist would run tests on samples using the various techniques available to them. With this analysis they will know the quantity and will be able to determine from this quantity what effect it would have on the human body. For example during the development of paracetamol and analytical chemist would a component such as sodium bicarbonate. Because some components in a certain quantity can be toxic to the human body it’s the responsibility of the analytical chemist to determine the quantity which should be used to not cause any harm to the human body. Analytical Chemist is also required to remove impurities and interference components within a drug. This is done in order to make the drug effective when used by the human body. Besides the analysing of drugs analytical chemist can also synthesise drugs. This is what makes analytical chemist a vital cog in the pharmaceutical industry. They will then need to critically document their findings and write up technical reports based on their results in order to contribute to the world of
Therefore, liquid-liquid and acid-base extraction techniques were successfully performed to separate the components of the Excedrin tablet. According to the TLC analysis results, the compounds (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) were successfully isolated from the analgesic (Excedrin tablet). In figure 1, the separation of the compound in the TLC analysis correlates with the TLC analysis in figure 2. Furthermore, Rf index calculations of the TLC analysis demonstrated that the compounds (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) were separated. The Rf calculations of aspirin in table 1 shows an Rf value of .491; however, in table 2 the Rf value of aspirin was calculated to be .784.
Tyler White CHEM151LL 32658 04/01/2018 Different Types Chemical Reaction Types and Equations Purpose: The purpose of this lab experiment is to examine different types of chemical reactions such as Decomposition reaction, Synthesis reactions, Combustion reactions, and different Chemical equations. The experiments were conducted online using Late Nite Labs. Materials: Because the experiments were conducted online there wasn’t any physical use of materials, only digital ones, for these labs to be performed. Only the registration for the website was needed to perform these online labs, as well as a desktop computer.
Identification of an Unknown Compound using Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis Lauren Tremaglio Chemistry 1011 Lab, Section 16 Instructor: Steven Belina October 3, 2014 Our signatures indicate that this document represents the work completed by our group this semester. Experimental Design and Discussion of Results The objective of this experiment was to identify an unknown compound through quantitative and qualitative analysis. In order to find the identity of the unknown compound, an initial qualitative test for solubility was performed.
The mobile phase used was a mixture of ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 400:600. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was maintained, and the detection wavelength was 292 nm (22). The required studies were carried out to estimate the precision and accuracy of the HPLC method and were found to be within limits [percent coefficient of variation was less than 15%]. Sample preparation briefly involved 0.4 μ membrane filter through which the sample was filtered, diluted with mobile phase, and 10 μL was spiked into
Determining Unknowns Through Distillation Introduction Distillation is a technique of separating two miscible liquids by their boiling point differences. This experiment uses distillation to separate and identify two unknown compounds. The two types of distillation are simple and fractional. Simple distillation is used to separate miscible liquids that have a boiling point difference of 100 C or more, while fractional distillation is used to separate miscible liquids that have a boiling point difference of less than 100 C. Simple distillation and fractional distillation have two similar but different apparatuses. The fractional apparatus is set up the same as a simple apparatus, but a column packed with steel wool is added in between the boiling
FDA scientist and professionals complete the evaluations of new drugs. The physicians play a role because they evaluate the drugs through a clinical trial. The clinical trial consist of assessing both the beneficial and adverse effects of the drug as it used. The company that is developing the drug is referred to as the drug sponsor.
Forensic Scientists are scientist who gather evidence to test and solve a criminal case. You must meet a minimum of 6 requirements to even consider the field; one must be a U.S. citizen, hold a valid driver 's license, be at least 19 (21 in some cases), have no prior convictions or arrests for felonies, domestic violence or serious misdemeanors, have a high school diploma or GED, have a minimum of two years public-contact work experience, prior law enforcement service or military service. This does not include the mental and physical stability you must have. Forensic Science is not something anyone and everyone is cut out for but it is something worth going into if that is your interest. It’s a career path that is forever evolving and changing the course of history.
The first concept is drug, which can be defined as the “pharmacologic action of the substance itself” (Zinberg 2). In other words, we have to examine the pharmacological effects of the drug on the individual. However, is also important that one considers the form of the drug, route of administration and the dosage when examining a substance. For example, a substance may come in powder or liquid form and could be administrated in a variety of ways, including oral administration, injection, or inhalation. One also has to consider the dose of the drug, or the amount that is necessary for the user to feel its effects.
( this is an analysis that is done by a Toxicologist).
Introduction How do you find the concentration of an unknown acid? The law of conservation of mass will be observed in this lab because in a balanced or neutralized equation the number of moles of the acid is equal to the number of moles of the base. An equation that will be observed is that when an acid and a base are combined in a reaction they will produce salt and water. In order to properly conduct this lab procedure many different properties of acids and bases need to be understood. Acids have a pH lower than seven, turn litmus paper red, and when mixed with phenolphthalein remain colorless.
TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.
INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.
Background Information In this lab KCl, NaCl, and a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl are the independent variables that all lower the freezing point of water. Ice is used as the controlled variable because it is what the salts are lowering the freezing point of. Salt (Na) weakens intermolecular forces of water, thus lowering the the freezing point. This is why in colder climates where icy roads and walkways are a liability, salt is often scattered over areas that are slick with frozen water.
1. 150 ml of boiled water was poured into each of the three beakers labeled A, B, C. 2. Five tea bags were soaked for the time given by the manufacturer (two minutes) , in beaker A (Control). The teabags were immediately removed after the time elapsed. 3.
Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.