Essay On Anatomy Of Rabbit

Pinna The external ear comprises of pinna and external auditory canal. The elastic fibrocartilage forms the body of the pinna and is covered by skin which is attached loosely on its medial surface. This cartilage is avascular and derives its nutrition from the perichondrium. A unique pattern on the lateral surface of the pinna makes it characteristic for each individual and comprises of helix, antihelix, triangular fossa, scaphoid fossa, concha, tragus, antitragus, intertragic notch and lobule.

Stratum Lucidum III. Stratum Granulosum IV. Stratum Spinosum V. Stratum Basale 1.2.2. Dermis

The pharynx is a muscular tube that extends supero-inferiorly from the base of the cranium to the level of the inferior surface of the body of the sixth cervical vertebra. The pharynx lies dorsal to the nasal cavity, the oral cavity and the larynx. The nasal portion of the nasopharynx has bony elements in its wall and thus it is rigid, whereas the pharyngeal portion is contractile as a result of the muscular nature of its wall.4 The relationship between craniofacial morphology and respiratory function has been studied extensively since the beginning of 20th century54. Some authors claim that patients with deficient respiratory functions present with lip incompetency, increased anterior face height, maxillary constriction, protruded maxillary

In the classic nomenclature(28) the vermis and hemisphere of the cerebellum is divided into three lobes namely anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobe (Fig 2 and 3), by two deep fissures known as the primary fissure between the anterior and posterior lobes and the posterolateral fissure between the tonsil and flocculonodular lobe(24,25). The anterior lobe is bound anteriorly by superior medullary velum and posteriorly by the primary fissure. The vermis and hemispheres in the anterior lobe are further divided into lobules by two fissures namely precentral fissure and the preculminate fissure. The vermis is divided into three lobules namely lingula, central lobule and culmen.

The reflex causes the ipsilateral pupil to dilate (Campbell & DeJong, 2005). The ciliospinal reflex is a test of ocular sympathetic function (Turner, 2012). The ciliospinal reflex depends primarily on the integrity of the sensory nerve fibers from the area of the skin being stimulated, the upper thoracic sympathetic motor neurons, and the ascending cervical sympathetic chain (Rand Swenson, 2008). The sympathetic fibers that supply the dilator pupillae muscles are believed to originate in the posterolateral hypothalamus. The sympathetic fibers project and synapse in the sympathetic cell column from vertebrae C8 to T2.

1.3. Oral mucosa 1.3.1. Anatomy and histology The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth and consists of stratified squamous epithelium termed oral epithelium and an underlying connective tissue termed lamina propria (Nanci and Elsevier, 2013). At the lips the oral mucosa is continuous with the skin, and at pharynx the oral mucosa is continuous with the moist mucosa lining the rest of the gut.

Multiple epidermises deliver keratin and the protein allows the epidermis to become a muscular protective coating for the skin.   o Stratum basale- These cells are the deepest coating of the epidermis because it is near the dermis. The cells are also attached to the dermis. o Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum - Both layers are filled with keratin.

placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Accurate screw placement is dependent on the exposure and identification of the posterior elements including the lateral border of the pars interarticularis, the entire transverse process and the caudal and cephalad facet joints(13). The pedicle entry point is at the intersection of the vertical line that forms the extension of the facet joint in line with the bony crest coming from the superior articular facet, and the horizontal line that passes through the middle of the transverse process insertion, or 1-2mm below the joint line(14). In Patel?s retrospective cohort study, they demonstrated statistically significant higher blood loss in patients who underwent open posterior lateral or posterior lumbar interbody fusion, compared to minimally invasive techniques(15). The open technique of placing pedicle screws therefore requires much dissection to expose the posterior vertebral elements and is associated with more blood loss and complications when compared to minimally invasive procedures.

Endoanal Ultrasound (EAUS) describes the ASC as being divided in to 3 levels: upper, middle and lower [17]. Therefore, we measured the thicknesses of IAS at mid sphincter level at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’ clock positions and the thicknesses of EAS at middle and lower sphincter levels at the same positions. The thickness of Puborectalis muscle at 6, 9 and 12 o’ clock positions was also measured (upper sphincter

There are 7 bones in the head are associated bones. Then working down there is 25 bones of the thorax which is found in the sternum, these are more commonly known as our ribs. The ribs protect the organs in the centre of your body such as your lungs, liver and heart. Then finally there are 26 bones in your vertebral column, these are the bones that run down your back including the sacrum and the coccyx. The appendicular part of the skeletal system supports the appendages of vertebrates.

A carcinoma was developed in a female outbred nude mouse skin site A cutaneous lesion grew at the foreleg of one infected animal at 9.5 months post-infection (Fig. 2A). Histological analysis showed that this lesion had progressed to malignancy (Fig. 2B). The lesion was MmuPV1 positive (Fig. 2

Hallux- Big Toe 39. Otic- Ear 40. Occipital- Back of Head 41.

J. Morph: 367--380 2. Lees and Waddington, 1942 The development of the bristles in normal and some mutant types of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. R. Soc. B.: 87--110 3.

In one of his most controversial articles, Jeremy Rifkin sheds light on a unraveling case of animal exploitation in the food industry. It comes to no surprise that there would be an uproar of protests at slaughterhouses, farms and corporate offices, yet these large industry stay unaffected as the public has truth of what they are hiding. Groups like Animal Liberation Front, Animal Justice Project, and the Humane Society have all the same agenda; none are opposed to humans hunting for food in the wild, there problem is with animals thinking that they just live on this Earth to just be bred and slaughtered. No matter how many humans we overpopulate, we will always must always share this one and only Earth with these animals.