Anaximander's Argument

8) Explain and evaluate the views of Anaximander regarding the nature of substance. Anaximander (610-546 BCE) was a famous philosopher known for his different, but correct point of view about the primary substance of the reality. He rejected to Thales, who said that “All is water”, and Anaximenes, who claimed that all objects are composed for air when he stated that the primary substance is in fact unlimited, or infinite. Even though Anaximander questioned about the existence of primary substance in an observable pure form, he was right in his opinion. A substance has

9) Explain and evaluate the views of Pythagoras regarding the nature of substance. Pythagoras (ca.570-480BCE) was a famous philosopher best known for his math theorem. He

Form and matter are interrelated, form depends of matter, and matter depends of form. Although we can not get the perfection of the forms, matter can be used to get their meaning. As he said, reason is the only thing that will take us closer to reality if we just ask the accurate questions. These questions, also known as Aristotle’s Four Causes, are: “What is it?” “What is it made of?” “How was it made or who made it?” and “What is it for?” In other words, the concept of Aristotle’s Four Causes is very important because it argues that all human being have internal and external causes. This means that elements that are the cause of being or the movement are part of one’s being, and other elements of causes of being or movement are foreign to itself. In brief, the Four Causes of Aristotle are: Material Cause, which would be the material which the object is made. The Formal Cause, which is what makes an item is what it is. These causes (the matter and the form) are internal of being. Efficient cause, who has facilitated the existence of the object or movement. And, the Final Cause would be the objective of being. This cause is very essential for the formation of the object because the purpose or goal of the object determines its