Factors Affecting Ancient Egyptian Wall Paintings
Coming from the past: lotus effect coatings for the conservation of ancient Egyptian wall paintings
Hussein H. Marey Mahmoud
Lecturer, Department of Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
Tel., 00201117964502; Fax., 0020235728108; e-mail: marai79@hotmail.com
Abstract:
The tombs and temples of ancient Egypt are famous with their wall decorations. Different weathering factors are affecting the ancient wall paintings in Egypt. The main deterioration factors affecting these decorations are resulting mainly from the photochemical and physiochemical agents. In addition, the human factors play a significant role in the deterioration process. Visual observations of different wall paintings in Egypt have shown
…show more content…
An excellent example is an Egyptian blue sample from the tomb of Imhotep at the site of Sheikh Said (the 6th Dynasty). The glass phase is selectively decomposed and replaced by basic copper chloride, this phenomenon called ״Copper Chloride Cancer״. Egyptian monuments are known to contain considerable amounts of sodium chloride, when dissolved, it will also react with Cu (I) chloride in solution or copper oxide in the pigment to form paratacamite. Evaporation of water at the outer surface of the walls will lead to high concentration of sodium chloride (NaC1) in the residual liquid thus causing the precipitation of paratacamite on the outer surface of the pigment. This disease develops in stages; it starts with the diversification of the glass phase, followed by decomposition of the residual material. Migration of chlorine-bearing solutions leads to the reaction with copper in the residual glass. Copper and chlorine bearing solutions will then react with calcite and precipitate basic copper chloride to form atacamite. These solutions may migrate either inwards to the plaster layer thus filling the interstices between the gypsum or calcite crystals and replacing them, or to the surface of the pigment layer to deposit atacamite or paratacamite ( ). Fig. 1 shows different deterioration aspects on the wall decorations of the festival hall of Thutmosis III at Karnak temples complex, Upper
Metropolitan Museum Research Paper
745 Words | 3 PagesIn Ancient Egypt, the temples were all constructed from stone because the gods were to live in these temples for all of eternity and lack of wood. The temple walls were covered with inscriptions and images. They were often historical events, such as important events at the temple or of the pharaoh’s reign. The Temple of Dendur depicted Pihor worshipping Isis and Pedesi worshipping Osiris as well as Emperor Augustus praying and offering the gods. Traditionally, the drawings would’ve been of the pharaoh.
Compare And Contrast Bull Toe And Lascaux Cave
865 Words | 4 PagesIt was also restored using pieces discovered during the excavation, so it does not have the rough feel of the cave wall painting. Because of the bronze material, it has a smoother
The Roman Ruins: Painting Analysis
735 Words | 3 PagesUpon visiting the Huntsville Museum of Art, I was very surprised to find all of the tremendous galleries that were currently up at the museum. In addition, after exploring the entire museum there was one gallery that really intrigued me, and this was the gallery of Antoine Ponchin and his son Jos. Henri Ponchin. What made the Ponchin gallery so interesting to me was both the father and the son were landscape artist. Moreover, both Ponchins travelled to many locations to paint magnificent pictures. Choosing a picture to paint about from this gallery was a challenge for me mainly because both Antoine and Jos.
Juan Valdes Leal: The End Of Earthly Glory
1528 Words | 7 PagesYousef Alloughani Dr. Tatiana Sizonenko Art History May 17, 2016 Introduction Among the oldest forms of art are paintings. The earliest paintings date back to 300 B.C.E. where people at the time were accustomed to painting inside caves.
Qin Dynasty Research Paper
1594 Words | 7 PagesThe statues were originally very colorful, but being underground for over two-thousand years made all the paint come
Analysis Of Nicolas Enriquez's The Virgin Of Guadalupe
1167 Words | 5 PagesEnriquez’s choice of using oil on copper may have been chosen for multiple reasons. Firstly, oil on copper paintings do not require art conservation efforts because of the chemical properties of copper. This leaves artworks in pristine condition with luminous colors and no cracks. Enriquez’s choice may allude to the fact that he wants his painting to imitate the timelessness and well-kept image of the original arheiropoeita as something made from the divine would never deteriorate. The inscription on the bottom of the painting also suggests Enriquez wants his painting to be revered akin to the original as it states: “Tocada à su Maravilloso Original, el día dos de Julio de 1789” meaning that his painting was sanctified by the original painting in 1789 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art).
Madrid Codex Research Paper
1126 Words | 5 PagesThis paper was also coated with a thin layer of fine stucco. This coating was commonly used as the painting surface on most items, similar to applying gesso on a canvas. The complete Madrid Codex consists
Egyptian Building History
460 Words | 2 PagesIn July 19, 1936 Richmond Times-Dispatch’s Sunday magazine and book review section published the picture above depicting what’s the history of the Egyptian building medical college of Virginia: Egyptian building, Medical college of Virginia . The Egyptian Buildings lies on 1223 E. Marshall Street, built in 1844. The building was originally built for the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College which in 1854 became an independent entity; the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).It was famously designed by Philadelphia architect Thomas S. Stewart (1806-1889) which still is considered one of the finest extant samples of the rare “Egyptian Revival” style, marking itself as a landmark in Richmond. In 1938-39, the Richmond architectural firm of
Why Did The Nile Sculpt Ancient Egypt
650 Words | 3 PagesThe Nile River is one of the most well-known and iconic rivers on Earth. Empires and many nations were built near the Nile because of the many benefits the Nile provided. The Ancient Egyptian empire lasted from about 3100 BCE to 30 BCE and many cities and farms were built around the Nile at the time. The Nile is located in Eastern Egypt, south of the Mediterranean Sea and is about 4,258 miles long. Even their religion was based on the many bonuses the Nile provided that helped the empire grow and stay alive.
What Was Thutmose III's Expansion Of Egypt?
1096 Words | 5 Pages“ Evidence of tremendous wealth can be seen in the burst of building activity both public and private that occurred during this period” (Newman, 64) Thutmose III is portrayed always as a fierce military leader but many people forget that he was trained to be a priest in his younger years when Hatshepsut was in charge. Thutmose III built the great Festival Hall at Karnak and polished the shrine of Montu, the god of war. “Thutmose constructed more temples, shrines, votive buildings pylons and fortresses than any of his predecessor and all of his successors” (Gabriel, 13). Some other works that were built in the time of Thutmose include two great obelisks that are called Cleopatra’s needles, they are located today in New York and London.
Meeting Of Joachim And Anna Vs. The Annunciation Analysis
761 Words | 4 PagesThe use of the fresco technique when painting, usually produces a matte-like finish once it has dried, a trait that can be noted when analyzing Bondone’s painting, The Meeting of Joachim and Anna. On the other hand, Simone Martini’s painting, The Annunciation, shows the opposite finish of Bondone’s painting, because The Annunciation is considered to be very elegant, and includes a gold background, which enhances its brilliance. This is mainly because The Annunciation was painted in tempera and gold leaf on wooden panels, the opposite of a fresco painting. The use of tempera and gold leaf added immense sophistication and brilliance to Martini’s painting, something that Bondone’s painting was lacking. While Bondone’s painting has a matte finish which can be associated with the Florentine style of art, and Martini’s painting has more of an elegant finish,
The Importance Of Hieroglyphics In Ancient Egypt
1229 Words | 5 Pages‘the importance of typography, design and symbolism in one culture/civilisation or organisation that you have researched.’ For my typographic history essay i decided to write about the importance of hieroglyphics in Egypt. In Ancient Egypt, the composed dialect that we have all known about today is Hieroglyphics.
Queen Of The Night Relief Analysis
822 Words | 4 PagesGuided Art Tour: Ancient Near East and Egypt The “Queen of the Night” relief, 1800-1750 B.C.E., Old Babylonian, Baked straw-tempered clay, 49 x 37 x 4.8 cm, Southern Iraq. The “Queen of the Night” relief, also known as “The Burney” relief, is a large plaque that “most likely” originated from Southern Iraq. Although it is difficult to determine the authenticity of an unexcavated object, the thermoluminescence testing that had been carried out; confirmed that this plaque had been created between 1800 to 1750 B.C.E. The relief of this plaque represents a goddess supported by two lions, and wedged between two standing owls. The reason why this nude female figure represents a goddess is due to the ringed rods held on each hand, the horned headdress,
Dier El-Bahari Abstract
11467 Words | 46 PagesTHE MORTUARY TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT AT DEIR EL BAHARI ----------------------------------------------------------------- THE SITE- -----------------
Examples Of Cultural Heritage
780 Words | 4 PagesThe definition of the concept of Cultural Heritage has developed with history. At present, it doesn’t end at monuments and collection of objects. It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, special practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge, and practices concerning nature and the universal knowledge & skill to produce traditional crafts. In general, cultural heritage consists of products and processes of a culture that are
More about Factors Affecting Ancient Egyptian Wall Paintings
Metropolitan Museum Research Paper
745 Words | 3 PagesCompare And Contrast Bull Toe And Lascaux Cave
865 Words | 4 PagesThe Roman Ruins: Painting Analysis
735 Words | 3 PagesJuan Valdes Leal: The End Of Earthly Glory
1528 Words | 7 PagesQin Dynasty Research Paper
1594 Words | 7 PagesAnalysis Of Nicolas Enriquez's The Virgin Of Guadalupe
1167 Words | 5 PagesMadrid Codex Research Paper
1126 Words | 5 PagesEgyptian Building History
460 Words | 2 PagesWhy Did The Nile Sculpt Ancient Egypt
650 Words | 3 PagesWhat Was Thutmose III's Expansion Of Egypt?
1096 Words | 5 PagesMeeting Of Joachim And Anna Vs. The Annunciation Analysis
761 Words | 4 PagesThe Importance Of Hieroglyphics In Ancient Egypt
1229 Words | 5 PagesQueen Of The Night Relief Analysis
822 Words | 4 PagesDier El-Bahari Abstract
11467 Words | 46 PagesExamples Of Cultural Heritage
780 Words | 4 Pages