Potential of Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe Leaf Ethanolic Extract to Arrest Angiogenesis in Chorioallantoic Membrane of Duck Embryos*
Julius Czar F. Baguio1
Abstract – Angiogenesis involves the formation of new blood vessels. However, an imbalance in angiogenesis may lead to cancer growth and development. Bioactive compounds present in plants is being scrutinized as a source of anti-cancer drug. In this study, the potential of the Philippine native plant, Dillenia philippinensis to arrest angiogenesis was examined using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Fresh leaves of D. philippinensis were dried and subjected to extraction using 95% (1:5 v/v) ethanol. The extract was partitioned into 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (solvent) as the experimental group. 90% ethanol and Retinoic acid were used as negative and positive control respectively. The results revealed that angiogenesis was induced in the negative control while inhibition in the growth of blood vessels was observed in the treatments
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philippinensis constitutes phytochemical compounds such as triterpenoids betulinic acid and 3-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid that has a potential angiosuppressive property (Ragasa et al., 2009). Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene that is derived from the widely distributed natural anti-cancer compound botulin. According to Dehelean et. al. (2011), betulinic acid does possess an anti-angiogenic activity but it would still depend on the amount of dose and also the nanoemulsion formulation maintained the effect. Moreover, betulinic acid inhibits in vitro enzymatic activity of aminopeptidase, which is known to play an important role in angiogenesis (Kwon et., al, 2002).
IV. CONCLUSION This study showed that as the concentration of extract increases, the number of blood vessels decreases. Thus, it can be concluded that the leaf ethanolic extract of Dillenia philippinensis possesses bioactive compounds that have a great potential source of anti-cancer drug.
V.
This paper is about the usefulness of Sundiata as a primary source document for studying trade and commerce in ancient Mali, by comparing and contrasting secondary sources accounts of trade and commerce, and the account given in the Epic of Sundiata, to prove that the book the epic of Sundiata is a useful primary source document for studying trade and commerce in Ancient Mali. When talking about trade in Ancient Mali, knowing about the Dyulas is paramount. A large amount of trade in ancient Mali was done by the trader caste of the Dyulas, who are tangentially mentioned in the Epic of Sundiata, on Page 82 " Dyulas became numerous. "
Have you ever witnessed natural phenomenon? A sinkhole, maybe a termite infestation, rain even? If you have, you know you can’t stop any of this from happening. The main character Paul in the book Tangerine, by Edward bloor, has things going on in his life that he can’t control. I think that in the novel, Bloor uses natural phenomenon to represent the problems in Paul’s life and his memories.
In this case, Daphnia were being used as a model organism to compare to the human heart. Ouabain is a toxic substance that can be found from trees. It is used as an extremely fast-working cardioactive stimulant. Verapamil is used to treat various heart problems such as high blood-pressure and angina. Metaproterenol is used to help with lung and airway conditions
The History and Science of Healing With Essential Oils Did you know that at least 30% of prescription drugs in the United States are based on naturally occurring compounds from plants? Each year, millions of dollars are spent searching for new, undiscovered, curative elements in the bark, roots, flowers, seeds and foliage of plants from every corner of the Earth. As the most powerful part of the plant, essential oils and plant extracts have been mankind 's first medicine. History has shown and science supports that these can be used medicinally to kill bacteria and viruses.
Ultraviolet waves can cause many type of damages such as skin damage, eye damage, and damage to cells. However the most harmful one is skin damage. Ultraviolet waves can cause skin damage by the sun. As the sun gets direct contact with the skin it becomes to dangerous and start to burn the skin which causes skin damage. Scientist believes getting older can also cause skin damage.
In the video, The Biology of Skin Color, Dr. Nina Jablonski explains “that the variation in skin color that evolved since our human ancestors migrated out of Africa can be explained by the tradeoff between protection from UV and the need for some UV absorption for the production of vitamin D” (Dr. Jablonski). What I found most interesting was that genes can influence skin and hair pigmentation in many ways. The overall color of the skin results from both the number of pigment-making cells which are called melanocytes and their level of activity. Nearly all skin types possess the ability to tan. Tanning is caused by an exposure to UV radiation which results in the simulation of melanin production in the body.
The Dangers of Tanning “Today, more than 3.5 million skin cancers are diagnosed each year in the United States. That’s more than all other cancers combined” says Stacy Simon form cancer.org. In the article “Indoor tanning” it says that there is a “higher melanoma rates among young females compared to young males.”
“But most important, I suppose, my experiment has made me feel important-every atom in me, in everybody” (Zindel 109). In the book The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds by Paul Zindel, the significant symbols is the marigolds and the gamma rays. The marigolds represent Tillie, the main character, and how her mother affects her life. Her mother, Beatrice, also is important since the gamma rays in the play represent her. These symbols help reveal the characters personalities and the theme in the work.
In the novel, Flowers of Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, Charlie Gordon, who was born with an unusually low IQ, has been chosen for an experimental surgery that researchers hope will increase his intelligence. This operation is a success and has mainly a positive effect on Charlie’s life. In the beginning of the novel, it is obvious that Charlie wanted to be smarter than his natural IQ of 68. Following the surgery, he can remember trying to make rolls at the bakery he worked at (62.) He can also read much better, “The university library is my second home now.
The Integumentary system is the skin, the disease we chose to discuss is Vitiligo Vitiligo is a skin disease that makes white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body it can even turn hair white . This happens because the cells that make our skin the colour it is (melanin) are destroyed in certain areas, then the cells are called Melanocytes. This disease also only affects 1%of the population. How do you get the disease?
The essay i'm writing about is about Where the Red Fern Grows. It's about a boy all of his life he has wanted two coonhounds. Then after a lot of hard work he finally gets to have them. When they grow old and one of them dies and then the other dies a red fern grew between them. There is a book and a movie about it.
Vitiligo is a disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches on the body. It is a condition where the extent and rate of the color loss is unpredictable and can depend greatly on the person with the condition. Vitiligo can affect any part of the skin on the body, and there are no limits on where or how much of the disease can spread (Mayo Clinic). Vitiligo is not frequent in the global population. Studies show that vitiligo has a frequency of 0.1-2.0% in the various populations (Spritz 2003).
In the novel Tangerine the motif of sight is used both literally and figuratively. Paul and his mother see that Paul is an important, but Dad and Erik think is more important because of the Erik Fisher Football Dream. Paul sees that Erik is a bad friend and brother but his parents don’t . Paul's mom and dad notice the koi are disappearing, but they don’t know that the koi are being eaten by the osprey but Paul does. Paul does not see his actions are affecting other and making them do things.
Annijah Collins Mrs. Evanowski ELA- Core 2 27 January 2017 Adapting to new Changes In the novel Tangerine by Edward Bloor, the main character, Paul Fisher, who is being overshadowed by his older brother Erik’s football career makes many decisions that change him as a character. Throughout the novel Paul uncovers many secrets that he has been lied to about for his whole life. He also faces many decisions.
The book “ The Sun and Her Flowers” written by Rupi Kaur. The book is a poetry book which consist of five segments in the book including; Wilting, Falling, Rooting, Rising, Blooming. The book is based around love and the authors experience with it and the ups and downs to it. The author also brings in her experiences with love written in the style of poetry.