Polyaniline Hydrochloride Preparation

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.0 Preparation of Polyaniline 1

0.2 M Aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with 0.25M ammonium peroxydisulfate in an aqueous medium. Firstly, the Aniline hydrochloride was dissolved in distilled water in a volumetric flask to obtain 50mL of the solution. The same step was repeated with Ammonium peroxydisulfate. Both solutions were stored for 1 hour at room temperature and then mixed in a beaker, stirred and left to polymerize. A day later, the PANI precipitate was collected on a filter and washed with three portions of 100mL of 0.2M HCl, and then with the same amount of acetone. The Polyaniline hydrochloride was dried in air and then in a vacuum at 60 degrees Celcius. These reaction and processing conditions are the standard

The mentioned ratio of the two materials were collected in a quartz crucible.

Next, de-ionized water was added into the quartz crucible containing the nickel nitrate and urea. The de-ionized water was poured until it made up 50% of the portion of the solution

After that, the entire solution was placed in an oven for about 1 hour. This was done to age the mixture and the temperature was maintained at 80oC.

The solution was then taken out of the oven to be put in a pre-heated muffle furnace which was maintained at 650oC. This was done for the calcination of the solution.

After 2 hours, the quartz crucible was removed from the furnace to be cooled down to ambient temperature.

The mixture of nickel nitrate, urea and de-ionized water was grinded for four hours after being removed.

Preparation of Nickel Oxide