The terms animal testing, animal experimentation, animal research, in vivo testing, and vivisection have similar denotations but different connotations. Literally, "vivisection" means the "cutting up" of a living animal, and historically referred only to experiments that involved the dissection of live animals. The term is occasionally used to refer pejoratively to any experiment using living animals; for example, the Encyclopedia Britannica defines "vivisection" as: "Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals,” although dictionaries point out that the broader definition is "used only by people who are opposed to such work.” The word has a negative connotation,
Vivisection is the act of cutting into something that is alive. Imagine walking past the Park Science building and hearing the screams from a puma that was being prodded at by a group of lab students here at Simmons College. The idea of vivisection makes the stomach curl. However in the 19th century the concept of vivisection was not nearly as taboo as it is today.
Protection Animal testing is cruel and inhumane, it should not be acceptable to use animals in scientific research. Vivisection is another term for an animal experimentation including; dissection, administering drugs, brain damaging, and other painful and invasive experiences to animals. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation("Testing - American Anti-Vivisection Society.") Animals are very different from human-being therefore it can make a poor scientific results. They should not have to suffocate and die to be use in research and cosmetics testing because there are alternative choices and different techniques that could lead to the
The physical suffering and discomfort that animals test subjects experience during research that are frequently faulty, limited, and expensive are the factors that advocates for stronger animal rights fight to end. Each day that an animal is subjected to animal testing is another day that they suffer. The test subjects become nothing but a prisoner to the scientists and researchers. Animals in laboratories are permitted by law to be “burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, drowned, addicted to drugs, and brain damaged” all for scientific research (“Cruelty to Animals”). As stated prior, once the experiments are over the animals either die or are thrown back into their confined cages or stocks and used for a later experiment.
The new standards stated that three requirements had to be satisfied: (1) “the voluntary consent of the person on whom the experiment is to be performed,” (2) “the danger of each experiment must be previously investigated by animal experimentation,” and (3) “the experiment must be performed under proper medical protection and management” (Washington, 2006, p. 221). These standards were violated when doctors injected Elmer Allen, a black man who had escaped the South and made a good life for himself and his family in Chicago, with plutonium-238 (Washington, 2006). Plutonium-238 is an even more intensely radioactive isotope than plutonium-239, which was given to most of the other patients (Washington, 2006). Allen suffered a similar experience
There is much controversy with regards to animal testing for medical research and there has been throughout the centuries. We can trace the issue back all the way to the 4th century when we have the first record of animal experimentation, Aristotle dissecting animals for study. In the 1600s, scientists began using animals as a way to explore the human body which led to many advancements in the medical field. Such advancements include Emil von Bering finding a cure for diphtheria toxin for guinea pigs; further research allowed him to produce a diphtheria vaccine for humans (Bright).In spite of these many medical achievements brought on through the use of animal testing, there are still those that argue the practice is not justifiable and should
Animal testing has been used by scientists to test drugs and makeup products for many years. They have been kept in labs, poked, prodded at, observed, forced to inhale, eat, and wear substances that have killed them. Millions of animals have died each year because of this testing, and it needs to be stopped. Animal testing should not be continued because it is ineffective, it wastes lives, and is inhumane. Animal testing needs to be discontinued because it is ineffective.
Is it ethically wrong to kill or injure an animal through scientific experimentation? The Care of animals should have an important chapter in the future of bioethics. Nonhuman animals have been tested in biomedical research. Scientists and researchers believe that animal testing has many benefits on different implementations, mainly for medical research as vaccines and the investigation of the cure of diseases.
Animal Experimentation: Is it Beneficial? Animal testing, otherwise known as vivisection has been around prior to the 19th century, in fact, in 1973 there was already a total of over 1,500,000 animals being experimented on. Britain was the first to stand up against animal testing, stating that it was cruel in 1876 with the Cruelty to Animals Act. America on the opposing hand, launched an animal testing boom in the first quarter of the twentieth century when cosmetic animal testing began when totals reached over 1,300,000 animals tested. The animal testing controversy has been a big one, it is no way beneficial to society nor is it humane for animals.
For decades, humans have used animals for their own benefit without taking into consideration that animals have feelings. How would you feel if one day someone captivated you and used you as an experiment? Before cosmetic companies sell their products they test them on animals to make sure they will not cause any damage or harm to the customers skin regardless of the injuries they cause to the animals. Just like any human being animals should be protected from any harm because they have feeling. Animals should be able to live in their natural habitat without fear of being captivated and tortured.
Is Animal Testing Justified Ethically? The idea and processes of animal testing and experimentation originated thousands of years ago. Back then it was only used for medical research and curiosity. Nowadays, animal testing and experimentation is used for a wide range of things; determining the effectiveness of a cancer treating drug or if a cosmetic product causes skin or eye irritation.
It includes such things as breeding then separating or even not feeding or watering them. Other forms of testing, such as toxicity testing, animals are used in toxic studies receive the test substance everyday, weekly, for up to two years with no period to recover. Euthanasia, anesthetization, and intubation, are all test that are used commonly. When performed wrong, they can cause bad discomfort and injuries. In many cases the people in the lab many times lack experience and training they need to avoid animal suffering.
In conclusion, society’s attitude towards animal testing is quite balanced. There is not one particular research where society is all for or against the subject of animals in medical research. Over the past 20 years many individuals attitude has change as some are beginning to show support for testing as they have seen the now breakthrough’s that are helping critically ill patients. Medical research has not particularly been affected by society’s attitudes, research has become more stronger over the years as individuals are beginning to see the breakthroughs and results from the testings, this has been shown in surveys by Pifer (1994) and Corwin (1999). There need to be more consideration for further research on society’s attitude toward
In the data as shown above, animal testing should be banned. Animal testing can lead to the death of the animal. Also animal testing is inhumane because of the treatment, and living conditions. Although, animal testing can lead to advancements in the medical field it has failed more than succeeding. Imagine being the animal trapped in that cage, make them change and ban animal testing.
Introduction Animals testing have significantly contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in general and to biomedical progress specifically. Many example showing that laboratory animals in medical development and other aspects have significantly influenced human health and reduced suffering, for example improved diagnosis of infectious disease (Hau, Jann, Schapiro & Steven, 2002). But since 1960s and 1970s, animals testing protests has gained prominence and strength, people start to argue is it moral to continue “cruel” animal testing. Animal Testing is a Moral Act In the rest of this article, I shall apply different concept under utilitarianism try to discuss whether animal testing are moral acts. It is important to notice that (1) in this article, applying the general idea of utilitarianism which is “the greatest happiness of greatest number” and (2) the animals testing under the rules and regulations.
aAnimals play a huge role in human society in many different settings such as commercially or in the media and many more. This can be beneficial to humans however in the long run this can be damaging to animals and their lives. In this report I will discuss how animals are used in human culture and the effect it has on their welfare. Animal testing and Fur production Firstly, there are many different ways animals are being tested on every day, whether it’s cosmetic or medical.