Annotated Bibliography: Feeding Ancient Rome

Thesis Statement: The Atlantic Slave Trade played a significant role in the birth and development of capitalism in a positive way in Western World. Slaves sold as a property for profit and these profits contributed to the growth of modern finance and also slave labor in the plantation for Atlantic trade contributed to the development of capitalism in a way that it enabled more production and stimulated the economy of time.

The main difference between a class and a caste is that you are "born into and remained within" (page 225) a caste for life. These castes were local and caused many to like this type of small scale leadership and "weakened the appeal or authority or larger all-Indian states." (page 228). Classes were based on education, wealth, and social status. While moving up to a higher class was difficult, "the examination system provided a modest measure of social mobility." (page 219).

Under the power and jurisdiction of their masters, slaves lost their humanity and became extensions of their masters (Rauch, Sherman, & Hagel). Consequently, slaves wished to escape their cycle of subordination as presented in many non-fictional slave texts, such as in Mariano Pereira’s interview after slavery or in the Ilheus, Bahia slave treaty in 1789 (Krueger). Given that the slave could not challenge the institution with enough power to eliminate it, slaves must have sought other means to oppose the institution and gain some autonomy. Hence, primary sources become excellent texts to extract and define the form of resistances slaves utilized to oppose their masters. In Plautus’s play, Pseudolus, and Machado de Assis’s short story, The Cane, slaves used the manipulation of language, the master’s power in persuasion, and the reliance on others to wager on gaining autonomy.

At the beginning of the first millennium CE, the Roman Empire began to conquer the territory around the Mediterranean Sea. Smaller countries feared the Roman Empire because of their great strength. The Roman Empire acquired great wealth, territories, and a reputation as a strong and feared empire. But, as time passed the problems within the Empire accumulated and the state of Roman Empire began to deteriorate before collapsing in 476 CE.

Beyond all the horrible treatments that slaves received, enslaved women also had to go through master-slave relationships. Women were not just only bought to do housework or labor in the fields, many times they were purchased for male pleasure and reproduction. "Enslaved women were forced to comply with sexual advances by their masters on a very regular basis" (Sonnen 1). The consequences of resistance often came in the form of physical beatings. This wasn't always the case, even that it was very rare there are examples that show ordinary master-slave relationships, were enslaved women were treated good. This being said, we can ask a very important question, " To what extent did the master-slave relationship effect paternalism in the Antebellum South?

Life as an indentured servant or slave during the 17th century was probably the most devastating situation to be in. During the 17th century, the unjust treatment of indentured servants and slaves was a crucial and reoccurring theme within the readings done for this class. Both indentured servants and slaves during this time were restricted by many cruel laws and various laws were made to extend their serving time, and they were also often put in front of life and death situations.

"Most of the town and city slaves are hired out, to bring in money to their owners. They often have the privilege of hiring themselves out, by paying their owners so much, at stated times, -say once a week, or once a month. Many of them are employed in factories and work at trades. They do very well, for if they are industrious, they can earn considerably more than is exacted of them by their

Slavery, is the condition in which a human being is owned and controlled by another. This institution has deep roots in human history. It was practiced in most of the world, from prehistoric times to the modern era. Despite this commonality, slave systems have varied considerably. Societies have experienced different degrees of it, with different practices and different outlooks, even though the basic characteristic was the same. Slavery in Africa and in Latin America was distinct, despite being connected through the Atlantic slave trade.While traditional African slavery was practiced largely by communities to help produce food or for prestige, slave labor in Latin America was practiced on a much larger scale, for it was central to the colonies’

freed and slaves. Freeborn was if you were not born a slave, freed is if you are a

Inspired by the Greeks, the Romans instituted slavery on a widespread scale throughout their empire (Scheidel, 2010, p.2). Some scholars place the percentage of slaves in the entire population of the Roman Empire as high as 33% (Kamm, 2009a). Subsequently, the substantial scope of the slave practice had profound effects on the dynamics of the Roman economy. In my discussion forum post for this unit I will discuss the overall effect slavery had on the Roman economy.

The economy of Ancient Rome was essentially a market based competitive economy; capitalistic in nature (Milani, G, n.d.). Their economy was fundamentally defined by the production and distribution of foodstuffs and agriculture was the main occupation of the majority of the population. Farmers would donate their surplus crops to the government

In Ancient Rome, slavery was an integral part of the Roman society and economy. Slaves were either conquered or purchased, and their various skills and labors greatly contributed to Rome’s success. Romans arguably invested so much energy into slave labor that they failed to nurture innovation.

Slavery, a system that encourages the practice of a man to own the life of another. Slavery has always been a popular concept in history. Most definitely, in the Roman Empire slaves were an important asset upon the Roman societal structure. Slavery was the accepted reality in Rome at a ratio of 1 to 3 in the overall population. Not only were slaves popular, but they were an essential advantage to fulfill the prospects of the empire.

The book of Philemon is the most private and shortest letter of Paul in the New Testament exemplary of a personal letter customary of the first century Greco-Roman world. As its title also would suggest the letter addresses Philemon (v. 1) who is the owner of the slave Onesimus (v. 10,16). In some way Onesimus had left his master (v. 15). The reason for that separation has been the topic of much scholarly dispute. In any case Paul sends Onesimus with this letter back to Philemon. (v. 12) The inducement for this is seems to be that Onesimus had converted. That Philemon lived within Colossae is derived from Col. 4.9 and 17 which refer to Onesimus and Archippus.

According to Kamm, A., & Graham, A. (2014), Rome required power supplied by the physical effort of human beings to build the powerful cities economically and militarily, so most of the people from the conquered lands became citizens or were sold as slaves. Slavery in the ancient world and in Rome was a fundamentally concerned to both the economy and even the social fabric of the nation. While it was commonly found throughout the Mediterranean region, and the Hellenistic regions in the east, it was not nearly so fundamentally concerned to others as it was to the prevailing of Rome, Scheidel, W. (1997). Prior to that, as the Romans strengthen their preponderant influence of Italy and Sicily followed