Annotated Bibliography For The New Jim Crow

Even before our nation’s founding, people of color have been discriminated. Decades pass and the criminal justice system is still “racist” labeling people of color as criminal, meaning black equal criminals therefore is fine to discriminate people of color just because they’re criminals. In “The New Jim Crow” the system targets black men because they are associated with crime, meaning crime stands in for race. In the other hand, As Heather Mac Donald writes in her book “The War on Cops”, “The criminal-justice system does treat individual suspects and criminals equally, they concede. But the problem is how society defines crime and criminals” (154). Society is the one who chooses who is criminal. In this case society is stripping off the rights of people of color. As Barack Obama say in “The War on Cops”, “blacks and whites are arrested at very different rates, are

Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New

Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The New Press.

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander published in 2012, is a 261 page book detailing how mass incarceration has become the new form of legalized discrimination.

This book describes the explorations of the Spanish explorer, Hernando DeSoto in North America. DeSoto's exploration was the first major interaction of Native Americans in North America. DeSoto and other explorers spent four years roaming the eastern half of the United States. The DeSoto Chronicles provide ethnological information about DeSoto's exploration. These documents provide records of the most civilized Native American culture in that time period- the Mississippian Indians. This relates to our Georgia Studies class because in Georgia Studies we learned that the Mississippian culture was the most advanced culture and Hernando DeSoto wrote about the Mississippian chiefdom systems. We also learned that he wanted to spread Catholicism

In recent discussions of racial discrimination in the justice court system, a controversial issue has been whether there is racism in courts. On one hand, some may argue that the courts treats everyone fairly and get the punishment they deserve. On the other hand, however, others argue that it goes against the law by giving a bigger jail sentence to colored people than white. In summary, the issue is whether we should treat everyone fairly in the court. Many trials in the past have caused many people to suspect racism in the court and causing rallies, some unfair trials have caused innocent black men go on death sentence.

We live in a society where ethnic minorities are target for every minimal action and/or crimes, which is a cause to be sentenced up to 50 years in jail. African Americans and Latinos are the ethnic minorities with highest policing crimes. In chapter two of Michelle Alexander’s book, The Lockdown, we are exposed to the different “crimes” that affects African American and Latino minorities. The criminal justice system is a topic discussed in this chapter that argues the inequality that people of color as well as other Americans are exposed to not knowing their rights. Incarceration rates, unreasonable suspicions, and pre-texts used by officers are things that play a huge role in encountering the criminal justice system, which affects the way

Segregation in the American South has not always been as easy as determining black and white. In C. Vann Woodward’s book, “The Strange Career of Jim Crow” post-civil war in Southern America has truly brought the “Jim Crow” laws into light and the ultimate formation of segregation in the south. The book determines that there is no solid segregation in the south for years rather than several decades following the end of the American Civil War in 1865 where the South achieved a better stand on segregation and equality as compared to the North at this time. Racial segregation in the form of Jim Crow laws that divided the White Americans from the African Americans in almost every sense of daily life did not appear with the end of slavery but towards

In the recent years, the population of Americans incarcerated has increased at extraordinary rates. In fact, the U.S has the highest incarceration rate in the world (Bureau of Justice Statistics). The majority of those incarcerated are for non-violent crimes, like for the use of drugs, possession of drugs, distribution of drugs, property crimes, and petty theft. Interestingly, the numbers of those incarcerated are higher in one ethnic group than another. Research shows that African Americans and Hispanics are often charged longer sentences and are convicted of crimes that only require mandatory minimum sentencing far more than Whites. While some believe that the system is racist and unfair, others argue that the high rates of incarceration of these ethnic groups reflect their crime rates and not

The practice of segregation in American history was not black and white. Although technically segregation was the separation of the black and white races in American societies, it had a certain ambiguity and complexity that surrounded the practice. This ambiguity and complexity pertained mostly to its origin within American history. Though many people believe segregation was a practice throughout America emerging from Southern slavery in the 19th century, author C. Vann Woodward argues differently in his highly appraised historical work, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Prior to the publication of The Strange Career of Jim Crow, Woodward worked very closely with individuals involved in the black community. He had excelled in his years of schooling

Justice is not colorblind. According to the Human Rights Watch, “people of color are no more likely to use or sell illegal drugs than whites, but they have higher rate of arrests.” (Human Rights Watch) According to data found by the Department of Education, “96,000 students were arrested and 242,000 referred to law enforcement by schools during the 2009-10 school year.” (Washington Post). “Of those students, black and Hispanic students made up more than 70 percent.” (Washington Post) The deaths of Freddie Gray, Trayvon Martin and John Brown and the outrage these cases stirred, proves that racism does exist in the criminal justice system. Therefore, to prevent racial disparity in the criminal justice system it is crucial that America steps up in changing the way that officers respond to a victim of another race, reducing discriminatory mindsets, and lessening the victimizing that is set on these other groups of people.

Stevenson through his book has provided various examples that show that people of color and low-income individuals are more likely to be presumed fully prior to presenting their cases. The author has stated that executions are a good example of how norms and policies are used for the purposes of punishing and controlling the people of color For instance, he argues that one in three black people are expected to be sent to jail in their lifetime. Further on, eighty percent of people on death row are black while 65 percent of homicide victims are black.

The United States has entered a new era in which the gap between rich and poor is broadening quickly. The New Jim Crow is about the inequality and discriminatory racism towards minorities, especially African Americans. Alexander also discussed the birth and result of social control by the institutions of the

For years now there has been a lot of controversy involving the looming question: Is the criminal justice system racist? Racism is prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one 's own race is superior. Ever since the Trayvon Martin case of 2012, the justice system has been in a complete downfall including all of the police brutality cases since then also. According to sources, 1 of every 4 African American males born this decade are expected to go to prison in their lifetime. Census Bureau reports that the U.S. is 13 percent percent black, 61 percent white, and 17 percent latino.

In this article, the Miller explores the connection of racial disparity between dark, Latinos and white in the American Criminal Justice structures. The article argues that the racial disparity occurs on the basis of wrongdoing, crime, and imprisonment on African American, Latinos as compared with whites. Additionally, it claims the relationship of race and crime rates that conclude that black, Latinos receive high severe punishment than whites. As indicated by the Miller, the crime rates for blacks are seven times higher than whites. It also measures the effect of the high crime rate on racial minorities that they face significant issue for kids, families, marriage, neighborhood inconvenience, and neediness. However, the reason for persistent