Annotated Bibliography On Apollo 13

On April 11, 1970, the Apollo 13 mission broke the mold of space exploration programs. Three men, one spacecraft, and a Mission Control crew set off for what was supposed to be an exploration and experimentation of rocks found on the moon. This mission became one of the most miraculous events in history. The Apollo 13 is significant to exploration, encounter and exchange in history in that it set the foundation for the space program's growth and further development. The spacecraft’s crew encountered many obstacles during the mission leading NASA to take stronger precautions for future missions. Three astronauts, 205,000 miles from Earth, in a crippled spacecraft rely on teamwork and the desire to survive.

Apollo 13 was a successful failure. This is because the astronauts had to duck a mission to overcome the obstacles they faced. Apollo 13 was a successful failure because it was a mission to the moon, with many challenges along the way, as well as surviving the free fall back to earth, safely.

Second, after the launch the center engine of the second stage dropped off more than two minutes early. Third, the third stage engine also was fired an extra 9 seconds during its orbital insertion burn. In conclusion Apollo 13 gave us a great way to learn space in a difficult way, and it gives us an example of how NASA can change their way of sending people into space in a safer

Many astronauts seem to like the Apollo 13 movie, but being technically minded folk they also enjoy pointing out what actually happened during that so-called “successful failure” that landed safely on this day in 1970. Thomas “Ken” Mattingly was supposed to be on that crew, but was yanked at the last minute because he was exposed to the German measles. The movie shows him wallowing on the couch with a can of beer before hearing of an oxygen tank explosion on board. He then spends most of the movie stuck in a simulator, helping to save the three men on board the spacecraft.

One minute and thirteen seconds. The last entry on the flight transcript: LOSS OF ALL DATA. On January 28, 1986, the Challenger Space Shuttle exploded 73 seconds into its flight. Aboard were five astronauts, one of whom, Christa McAuliffe, was ready to become the first school teacher in space. Sadly, none of the five survived.

The Apollo 16 mission was the 16th lunar mission. It launched from the Kennedy Space Center on April 16, 1972. The crew included Charles M. Duke Jr., John W. Young, and Thomas K. Mattingly II. Once on the moon, the crew was the first to use the lunar roving vehicle (LRV) to cover greater distances than could be achieved by walking. They made visits to Spook Crater, Cinco Craters, and North Ray Crater, among other locations. The 2-man crew remained on the surface for 71 hours and 2

This mission proved that direct-ascent rendezvous was possible, which was before thought to be an unrealistic method of getting off the moon. The GATV craft on this mission functioned with greater success than on previous Gemini missions, allowing NASA to test the bounds of what is possible with these low orbit manned spacecraft. Furthermore, this mission implemented equipment improvements based on previous missions, such as including handholds and developing footholds. Neutral buoyancy simulation was also implemented due to the results of the EVAs on this mission and the previous Gemini missions. In all, this mission proved the effectiveness of direct-ascent rendezvous and greatly improved the quality of spacewalks for future

On 12 April 1961, while the American were in a disarray, with their space efforts publicly falling, Russia sent Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1 (Cavendish). Gagarin was the first person to actually view the Earth from space. This made him a global hero. This caused anxiety across the United States. As a result, “On 25 May 1961, President Kennedy announced to the nation a goal of sending an American safely to the moon and back before the end of the decade” (Launius 13).

SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA DISASTER Seham Binouf Ibrahim ID: 201210112 Study program: (BSEEE) Email: 201310112@agu.ae.ac Asmae Bornak ID: 201310299 Study program: (BSCSE) Email: 201310299@agu.ae.ac Alaa Samir Halawani ID: 201310036 Study program :( BSEEE)

While he was traveling home, he was washed up on an island occupied by Calypso, who prohibited his leaving it. The men on the Apollo 13 mission didn’t know if the heat shield had been damaged, something that could have

(Dennis 714) By giving the members of the space shuttle crew recognition as “pioneers”, the speech had a smooth transition from its nature as sincere eulogy into a rhetorical work with a deliberative occasion. As soon as audience received a message implying that Challenger was a beginning instead of an end and how discovery has its risk, Ronald Reagan was in a good position to elaborate his objectives on the space program. Considering its effectiveness, the transition between the bad news and the new hope is one of the greatest features of the speech. This transition is crucial to connect two parts of the speech that are equally important.

The documents of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission that had landed the first humans to the moon have appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos and are effective in achieving its purpose. These documents were composed by different sources appealing to the audience and its use of ethos, logos, and pathos and how they each comply to make the documents potent to its purpose. Document 2 is a speech written for president Richard Nixon in case if there was a moon disaster. This speech was addressed to US citizens to notify them that the astronauts unfortunately could not make it back. Nixon appeals to pathos by using a strong sense of adjectives to describe their hard work they have done throughout this journey.

In order to accomplish his purpose, the writer of this speech used diction and tone to show sorrow for the families of the men and women whose lives were lost on the Columbia and organized the speech by talking about how the lives lost will not affect moving forward in space advances. The writer expresses his grief for the family by using “great sadness” and naming the seven astronauts who died on this mission. While setting a tone of grief for these astronauts families, George W. Bush also organizes the speech by talking about how the men and women knew the risks of their travel. He first explains his feelings of loss and mourning for the men and women who lost their lives, but also says that this tragedy will not be a setback for space travel.

Even though the seven astronauts did not make it to the moon, Reagan gives them credit as if they took footsteps outside earth. Reagan’s diction created a melancholic tone showing his empathy for their bravery and optimistic tone that turns the tragedy into something more than a disaster. “They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us” (3). Reagan composes the seven astronauts are known for trying the journey and not for the tragedy.

Alan bean is a respected astronaut. He has traveled into space multiple times on multiple different missions. One of these missions is the Apollo 12 mission. Apollo 12 was the second manned landing on the moon. Alan Bean was the captain of this endeavor along with captain Pete Conrad. They landed in the moons ocean of storms. He explored the surface of the moon while doing multiple surface experiments. They also did the amazing feat of putting the first nuclear power generator station on the moon. This mission was to get a power source on the moon. He made the trek of 250,000 miles in order to complete this mission; it was worth it though, I mean look at those pictures taken by fellow astronaut Richard Gordon. He went on to be the commander