Annotated Bibliography On Stereotypes

Advertisement has been a way to sell products for a long time, but it may not always come off as the best way to promote a product. Companies will do some of the most outrageous things to their advertisements just to make their product shine. In the documentary Killing Us Softly 4, Jean Kilbourne, she talks more about advertising and the negative impact it has on society and the negative messages it sends people. In the documentary, Kilbourne shows how advertising distorts the image of a women. They highlight horrible situations to make their advertisement pop.

In Killing Us Softly 4, Jean Kilbourne discusses the power of advertising and how it has facilitated and legitimized the objectification of women. As a woman and a former model, Kilbourne argues that advertisements are a powerful educational force because they are everywhere. Because of this, the message is quickly processed so it easier to influence someone’s subconscious. Advertisements are also powerful because they sell values and concepts telling society how women should look like.

Further, the author argues that positive stereotypes of African Americans in media are just as damaging as the negative stereotypes. The paper suggests that African Americans need to be portrayed in advertisements in successful roles such as managers, bank tellers, and CEOs as opposed to just being successful in sports or music. The author states that these stereotypes may have negative influences on young people. Italian American Stereotypes in U.S. Advertising.

Dehumanization is the process through which someone asserts control and power, treating the person as an inanimate object with no dimension or surface; becoming an object means being acted upon rather than being the active subject. It is easier to be violent to someone who one already feels power over. Dehumanizing women and men is similar to pornography, where either violence or status (men over women) promotes “power over other” (Kilbourne 420). According to Jean Kilbourne in her essay, “‘Two Ways a Women Can Get Hurt’:Advertising and Violence”, advertisement is portraying women’s body as objects that both lead to dehumanization, violence, and mistreatment toward women. Considering the opposing characterization between males and females, femininity refers to submissiveness and vulnerability that is often depicted in advertisement.

In the entertaining article “Turning Boys Into Girls”, Michelle Cottle enlightens the readers of how unrealistic depictions in media and advertisements are increasing men’s attention to self image in order to show the damaging effects media has when targeting the insecurities of men and women. Michelle Cottle utilizes relatable language to inform the readers of the effects the media has on men’s body image and how it “levels the playing field” for women. Cottle writes words like “beef-cake” and “whippersnappers” to appeal to younger males. The word choice implements a conversational tone that youth will find easier to relate to. She targets young men and boys to reinforce how damaging media and advertisements are.

The media today plays the greatest role in creating stereotypes in our society. Quite often, these stereotypes do not correspond to reality, showing it in a distorted way. However, many people accept that distorted reality as a truth. The reasons for establishing such generalizаtions and categorizations often lies in political or corporate interests.

Nevertheless, it is inevitable; race will always outweigh any of the other groups/subgroups that people belong to because “institutionalized racism constitutes such a fundamental feature of lived Black experience that, in the minds of many African-American women, racism overshadows sexism and other forms of group-based oppression” (p. 208). In addition, media plays a role in how Americans view African-American women groups. We are consistently labeled in all facets of media outlets as “welfare queens,” “Aunt Jemima,” “unfit mothers,” “nappy headed-ho,” “cocoa puff,” “darkie,” “crispy,” “lazy,” “liver lips,” “broad nose,” “nitch,” and etc. Moreover, White American children experience an early onset of what is considered beautiful though the depictions of Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, and Barbie.

African American women make up eight percent of the United States population, the women in this minority group deal with negative and positive stereotypes on a daily basis. These stereotypes are apparent within mainstream media. With today’s children having more access to media. now more than ever, they are subjected to these stereotypes at a young age (Adams-Bass, Bentley-Edwards, & Stevenson, 2014, n.p.). When blacks have more Afrocentric features like thick lips, bigger noses, or a darker skin tone, they are more likely to have a negative stereotype towards them (Conrad, Dixon, & Zhang, 2009, n.p.).

Wood argues that a lack of substantial representation in the media reinforces a number of negative stereotypes and false generalizations about the female sex. A number of these

It is important to continue to diversify these media industries because they play such an important role in our everyday lives. The United States is a country that is becoming increasingly more diverse and it is necessary that our media industry reflects that. Through print and broadcast journalism, advertising, public relations, television and film, one’s perception of the world is formed. A person’s story is best told by that individual and the same thing applies to media in terms of race. If a white person is telling the story of an African-American, the reality of that story may be misconstrued.

“Dad they are giving autographs! Can we stay for them PLEASE!?! I am having such a great time this is a total dream come true!!” I was crossing every bone in my body hoping he would say yes or at least sure so we can stay at least for a couple minutes do I can get at least 1 signing. “Sure thing!!

One aspect of an author’s argument is their ethical character. This is important in assessing how credible and fair the author is being when considering their subject. [Transition] Jean Kilbourne has spent most of her professional life studying and analyzing women in advertisements. She has produced the award winning documentaries Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women (1979) and Slim Hopes, serves on the Massachusetts Governor’s Commission on Sexual and Domestic Abuse, and is a senior scholar at the Wellesley Centers for Women at Wellesley College (420). Kilbourne appears to be qualified to speak on the matters of women and advertising and a reader can trust that she has done the necessary research to have an informed opinion them.

Advertising is very complex in today 's society. Throughout chapter five of ads, fads, and consumer culture, there are many major ideas that the author chooses to present to us as readers. Although many of these ideas are clear and completely fine, there are many that seem unclear or concerning to certain people. One main idea in chapter five is the use of sexuality and gender in advertising.

Building on this research, our class decided to observe racial and gender stereotypes in Super Bowl 2018 commercials since no one has yet to combine racial and gender stereotypes. To better understand how advertising portrays individuals, our research focuses on observing the depictions of white men and women as well as men and women of color. Significantly, our research centers on examining these racial and gender stereotypes in Super Bowl 2018 commercials to obtain information for advertising purposes. Our hypotheses are formulated as

Interracial Relationships in Ads Throughout everyday life we see the presence of gender and family, it maybe subconsciously, but we see it everyday. I have selected three television ads that relate to gender and family, and in these ads we also see other course concepts that Cohen has mentioned and talked about in her textbook. Besides gender and family I will use interracial relations and exogamy as two course concepts that I would like to relate to my three ads. When we think of gender it is not hard to automatically assume some one is biologically a male or a female. Gender, unlike sex, is a way in which we categorize ourselves based on our on thoughts.